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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Pometia pinnata Trade Name Kasai Family Name Sapindaceae Common Names Agupanga, Aiafai, Aklam, Ako, Akwa, Alanipo, Aloyam, Asam kuang, Atam, Awa, Awang, Baiuka, Balokanag, Bangked, Bas, Bayod, Bayuso, Bayuto, Bidoso, Bioso, Bolokanga, Bontog, Cha-i, Cuhing, Daganon, Daine, Doko, Ebo, Galunggung, Gasuli, Gema, Gia-gia, Gima, Goyod, Hatobu, Ibu, Ihi mendek, Iseh, Jagir, Jampano, Kabokabot, Kajoe sapi, Kalambanan, Kanggo, Karangyan, Karsai, Kasai, Kasai Sibu, Kase, Kasei, Kauna, Kayaui, Keba, Kia-kia, Kirone, Koengki, Koengkil, Koiawa, Kongkir, Koyaua, Kraungyan, Kuakia, Kuglik, Kungkil, Landung, Landur, Langsek anggang, Laui, Lauteneng, Leungsir, Loto, Maa, Madala, Madalo, Madlau, Magtalisa, Mala kobe, Mala ula, Malaguab, Malatagum, Malugai, Malugal, Manggis, Mansanab, Matoa, Megan, Menda, Minamukai, Mohui, Moroboro, Motoa, Muni, Nautu, Ngaa, Ngaache, Ngelak, Niai, Nonde, Ohabu, Okamu, Pakam, Pometia, Sapen, Senai, Sibu, Sida-i, Sioso, Suket, Takugan, Takupan, Talaburisu, Tanabag, Taun, Tauna, Tava, Tawa, Tawan, Teno akwa, Tigaiu, Togaui, Truong, Tugaui, Tun, Turtugaui, Tuun, Tze, Uyakya, wesel Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vietnam Common Uses Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Cooperages, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Light construction, Living-room suites, Medicinal use, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Office furniture, Organ pipes, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Veneer Environmental Profile Rare in parts of its natural range Generally secure within most of its natural habitat, but note exceptions. Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within parts of its range Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Rare in Taiwan and Vulnerable in the Philippines. Its environmental status in Vietnam is suspected to be either Extinc, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare Distribution Overview Various species in the genus Pometia are distributed in Malaysia, Indochina, the Philippines, and other western Pacific islands. They are widespread and occur in large numbers in coastal areas and foothills. Heartwood Color Yellow Orange Reddish brown Pale red to pink Red Purple Pale brown Brown Dark brown Purplish Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown White to yellow Pinkish Well defined Paler than heartwood Pale pink/buff Not always clearly defined Grain Straight Interlocked Figure Rippled (figure) Wavy Crossed Even Other (figure) Closed Stripe (figure) Variable (figure) Straight Interlocked Rippled figure Wavy Other figure Variable figure Striped figure Occasionally interlocked, but not always Generally straight, but not always Figure shows spiral Texture Coarse Medium Medium to coarse Coarse Medium Fine Fine to medium Fine to coarse and uneven Luster High Medium Slightly lustrous Lustrous Low Natural Durability Perishable Very durable Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to marine borer attack Non durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Vulnerable to pinhole borer and marine borer attack Susceptible to blue stain Resistant to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from pinworms (ambrosia beetles) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Durable Odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content High Siliceous Toxicity Respiratory effects Dermatitic effects Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Dry at a slow speed Dry at a moderate speed UK=D U=T3D2/T3C1 UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Table 505 Scehdule Code 33 -32 (4/4) US Drying Defects Moderate twist/warp Moderate surface checking Slight collapse and honeycomb Severe twisting/warping Moderate end spitting Moderate collapse and honeycombing Harsh kiln-schedule may cause backsawn material to surface check and twist Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Moderately Difficult to Difficult Difficult Moderate Controlled drying conditions will prevent rapid drying and yield best results. Air dries slowly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries at a moderate speed Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is fluted Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is misshapen Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Bark width is 30-40 mm Bark width is 40-50 mm Bark width is 25-30 mm Bark width is 20-25 mm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Tree produces edible fruit, leaves and bark used for medicinal purposes Blunting Effect High to severe Blunting effect on sawing green wood is mild Medium effect Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is mild Blunting effect on machining is slight Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Poor to very poor results Fairly difficult to very difficult Moderately easy Carving Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Excellent surfaces Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Gluing Easy to glue Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Finishes satisfactorily Moulding Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good finishing results Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Medium Small Small to medium Nailing Easy to nail Holds nails well Holds satisfactorily Good nailing properties Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Planes well, to a good finish Planes to a satisfactory finish Machining properties depend on growth site and tree form Generally good response Easy to plane Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is highly resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Variable qualities Generally good response Routing & Recessing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Satisfactory routing results Sanding Good sanding finish Fairly good sanding characteristics Screwing Screwing yields good results Holds screws well Easy to screw Turning Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to turn Turns with moderate ease Good results Finish is generally satisfactory Veneering Qualities Difficult to glue Moderately easy to veneer Diifficult to veneer Suitable for peeling No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Bolt preparation requires steaming Steam Bending Good Painting Satisfactory results Good results Polishing Good results Takes high polish Satisfactory results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Staining is easy Varnishing Satisfactory Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness (side grain) = soft Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Resists denting and marring Heavy Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9910 16370 psi Crushing Strength 584 994 psi Density 44 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1234 lbs Impact Strength 25 32 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 4947 7621 psi Shearing Strength 1943 psi Static Bending 4872 9408 psi Stiffness 1642 1962 1000 psi Toughness 334 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.54 0.65 Weight 44 43 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 696 1150 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 41 69 kg/cm2 Density 705 kg/m3 Hardness 559 kg Impact Strength 63 81 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 347 535 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 136 kg/cm2 Static Bending 342 661 kg/cm2 Stiffness 115 137 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 384 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.54 0.65 Weight 705 689 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1968,Working Properties of some Native and Imported Timbers,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.8 Bolza, E. and N. H. Kloot. 1966. The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers. Technological Paper No. 41. Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia. Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11 Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34 Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia Bolza, E.,1981,The Mechanical properties of 33 Solomon Islands timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research. Technical Paper (2nd series) No.37 Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Budgen, B.,1981,Shrinkage and density of some Australian and South-East Asian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. building Res. Tech Paper(2nd Series) No.38 C.S.I.R.O., Division of Building Research,1977,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information Service Sheet No.,10-13,TAUN,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information Service, Melbourne,,Australia Cameron, S.,1945,Some Notes on Utilisation of Timbers in the South-West Pacific,New Zealand Journal of Forestry Volume 5(2) 117-127 Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74 Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318. Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 EcoTimber International, San Francisco, California. Personal Communication, 1993. Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea. Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Griffioen, K.,1967,Colloque sur le role des recherches techniques dans le developpement de,l'emploi des bois tropicaux en Europe,C.T.F.T. Hall, N., Et al,1972,The use of trees and shrubs in the dry country of Australia,Australian Government, Department of National Development, Forest and,Timber Bureau, Canberra I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993 I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kininimonth, J.A.,1982,Properties and uses of the timbers of Western Samoa, Indigenous,Hardwoods,Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza. 1961. Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia. Technological Paper No. 12. Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia. Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-H. Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210 Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California. Martawijaya, A., Kadir, K., Kartasujana, I.,1986,Indonesian Wood Atlas. Vol.1.,Department of Forestry Agency for Forestry Research and Development.,Bogar-Indonesia Netherlands - Houtinstituut T.N.O.,1964,MATOA (Pometia pinnata Forst.,Houtinstituut T.N.O. Delft Papua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, Brisbane Papua New Guinea,1982,Papua New Guinea timbers - technical data,Forest Industries Council P.N.G. Pleydell, G.J.,1970,Timbers of the British Solomon Islands,United Africa Company (Timber) Ltd, London Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Solomon Islands Forest Department,1970,Solomon Islands Timbers Pometia pinnata,Solomon Islands Timbers Timber Leaflet, Forestry Department, Honiara Solomon Islands,1976,Solomon Islands Timbers - Major Species,For Div. Min. Nat. Resources, Honiara, Timber Booklet 1 Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. The Ecological Trading Company Limited (ETC, Newcastle upon Tyre, United Kingdom. Tsumoto, T., Karasawa, H.,1975,The Properties of Tropical Woods 21,Government of Japan Forest Experimental Station Bulletin,No.227 WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.