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Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing		Scientific Name Podocarpus neriifolia Trade Name Amunu Family Name Podocarpaceae Common Names Amunu, Black pine, Cipres, Cipresillo lorito, Cipricillo, Dilang butiki, Djamudju, Kuasi, Landin, Malaalmaciga, Manio, Maniu, Matai, Miro, Mse, Musenene, Mushunga, Paya, Pinho Bravo, Pino castaneto, Pino chaquiro, Podo, Podoc, Th Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Fiji, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Cooperages, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Moldings, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Vehicle parts Environmental Profile Vulnerable in parts of its natural habitat Status unknown in many of its growth areas Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within parts of its range Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Distribution Overview The growth range of this Southeast Asia species includes the Indo-Malayan region, New Zealand, New Guinea, Borneo, and extends to the Fiji Islands. Heartwood Color White Red Pink Pale brown Golden brown Buff Sapwood Color White/Straw Not clearly defined from sapwood Grain Even Streaks (figure) Straight Generally straight, but not always Figure may show streaks Timber from Fiji may have a streaky figure. Texture Coarse Fine and uniform Natural Growth Defects Red gummy deposits in parenchyma. Natural Durability Perishable Durable Non-durable Non-resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Average to very low durability Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules T8 - D4S (8/4) US T10 - D55 (4/4) US Drying Defects Distortion Unweighted boards may twist and check Juvenile wood may check severely Ease of Drying Slowly Dries rapidly with little degrade Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 0-10 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments Juvenile wood may be present Boring Some chipping occurs at tool exits Bores smoothly Carving Softer matierial may crumble Gnerally easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Generally mortises well Chipping at tool exits Moulding Good finishing results Easy to mould Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy May be some crumbling working with softer end-grain material Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Good response Care is required when working soft material Routing & Recessing Generally good Sanding Denser stock sands well Turning Good results Easy to turn Painting Fair to Good Results Polishing Good results Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Weight = moderate Resists denting and marring Hardness = medium Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10251 13994 psi Crushing Strength 838 1362 psi Density 33 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1105 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5076 7958 psi Shearing Strength 1882 psi Static Bending 6066 8124 psi Stiffness 1333 1529 1000 psi Toughness 74 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.44 0.48 Weight 36 32 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 720 983 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 58 95 kg/cm2 Density 528 kg/m3 Hardness 501 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 356 559 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 132 kg/cm2 Static Bending 426 571 kg/cm2 Stiffness 93 107 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 85 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.44 0.48 Weight 576 512 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1972,The Mechanical Properties of 56 Fijian Timbers,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.,62 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1