Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Podocarpus ferrugineus Trade Name Black pine Family Name Podocarpaceae Common Names Black pine, Miro, Miro toromiro Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] New Zealand Common Uses Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Piling, Turnery Heartwood Color Yellow Orange Brown White Red Pale brown Greenish to greyish Brown Dark brown Sapwood Color Red Yellow White White to yellow Paler than heartwood Grain Figure Straight Even Growth rings (figure) Distinct (figure) Variable (figure) Weak (figure) Straight Weak figure Variable figure Distinct figure Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Fine Fine Fine to medium Luster Low Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Moderately durable Resistant to attack from marine borers Kiln Schedules UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Splitting Checking Distortion Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly Moderately Difficult to Difficult Easy Moderate Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Naturally dries at a moderate speed Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 60-70 m Tree height is greater than 70 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Very Good to Excellent Results Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Stable Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Screwing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Good Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Finish is generally good Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Strength Properties Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi Density 40 lbs/ft3 Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 1560 psi Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi Weight 39 31 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2 Density 641 kg/m3 Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2 Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 624 496 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Cockayne, L. and Phillips Turner, E.,1958,The trees of New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.12 Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London Entrican, A.R.,1949,The properties and uses of Miro (Podocarpus ferrugineus,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.3 Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Smith, S.W. and Entrican, A.R.,1957,Forestry in New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.1 Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. London