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Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Platymiscium pinnatum Trade Name Macacauba Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Aceituno montes, Brazilian paduak, Cachimbo, Caoba, Chamnbilo, Cocobolo, Cotin, Coyote, Cristobal, Dukalaballi, Foncontin, Granadillo, Hormigo, Imera junera, Koenatepia, Maca wood, Macacahuba, Macacauba, Macacauba preta, Macacauba vermelha, Macacawood, Macahuba, Masa wood, Monkey wood, Mulato, Nambar, Nambar bastardo, Ormigo, Palo santo, Panama redwood, Panama wood, Quira, Roble, Roble blanco, Roble colorado, Roble montanero, Roble negro, Sinkra, Subinche, Tasajo, Tepezapote, Trebo, Trebol, Trebol negro, Uvedita, Vencola, Yama, Yama cocobolo, Yama rosewood, Zrok, Zubinche Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Common Uses Billiard-cue butts, Boat building (general), Bridge construction, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Construction, Decks, Decorative veneer, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Railroad ties, Structural work, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Environmental status not officially assessed Distribution Overview The species occurs in Central and South America, and is found in Nicaragua, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Guyana, Colombia, Trinidad, and Surinam. Heartwood Color Red Brown Purple Pink Reddish brown Red Purple Often darker variegated red or purple streaks Fine veins Bright red, purplish-red, or light reddish-brown Sapwood Color White to yellow Well defined Grain Figure Straight Even Stripe (figure) Distinct (figure) Interlocked Straight Striped figure Distinct figure Interlocked Interlocked and irregular Texture Fine Medium Medium Fine Uniform Fine to medium Luster Low Lustrous Pronounced Natural Durability Durable Perishable Resistant to marine borers Non-durable Moderately durable Durable Very durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Tendency to chrck and end-split during drying Moderate twist/warp Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Moderate Dried under carefully controlled conditions to avoid degrade Difficult Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Tree Size Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 50-60 m Tree height is 0-10 m Tree height is 40-50 m Product Sources The species is in high demand in Brazil, and is used locally for dug out canoes. The name Vinhatico is applied to several wood genera which are similar in color and have weights of 35 to 40 pounds per square feet (560 to 640 kg/cu.m). The species is also reported by the ITTO to be an important source of timber for export. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little Gluing Glues well Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Small movement in use Dimensionally stable Nailing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good nailing characteristics Planing Sharp tool edges recommended to prevent pick-up when planing material containing interlocked and egular grain Reduced cutting angle recommended Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Permeable sapwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Difficult to machine Stock containing irregular grain requires sharp cutting edges for best results Responds well to hand tools Screwing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Screws without difficulty Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Worked surfaces are relatively clean, especially if cutting edges are sharp Special attention needed for timber containing irregular and interlocked grain Responds generally well to ordinary machine tools Machining properties vary with density Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Steam Bending Responds poorly to steam bending operations Painting Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Good results Satisfactory results Polishes o a smooth surface Staining Fair to Good Results Good staining qualities Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = high Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft Bending strength (MOR) = very high Max. crushing strength = very high Hardness (side grain) = hard Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = medium Very high Very high density Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Macacauba is moderately strong in bending, crushing, and response to impact loads, but is low in stiffness Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 17100 21438 psi Crushing Strength 1784 2078 psi Density 58 lbs/ft3 Hardness 3013 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 8200 11123 psi Shearing Strength 2545 psi Static Bending 13495 15141 psi Stiffness 1948 2245 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 9 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.79 0.9 Weight 57 47 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Volumetric Shrinkage 6 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1202 1507 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 125 146 kg/cm2 Density 929 kg/m3 Hardness 1366 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 576 782 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 178 kg/cm2 Static Bending 948 1064 kg/cm2 Stiffness 136 157 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.63 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.79 0.9 Weight 913 753 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % References Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana Quito Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Falla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de los estudios Fisico-Mecanicos de 41 especies Maderables de,la,region Carare-Opon. (Results of studies of the physical and mechanical,properties of 41 timber species of the Carare-Opon region.,Inst. de Desarrollo de los Recursos Naturales Renovables. Div. For.,Pleagble Divulgativo, Inderena Colombia,pp6 Fors, A.J.,1949,Maderas Industriales de Colombia,Caribbean Forester,10(3,pp161-96 Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32 Hoheisel, H., Karstedt, P.,1967,Identification of Ecuadorian Wood Sp. for possibilities of Utilization on,the basis of Technological Results,Institito Forestal Latino-Americana Merida Venezuala Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory Kynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7 Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California. Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98 Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Saks, E.V.,1954,Tropical Hardwoods for veneer Production in Mexico,Caribbean Forester,15(3&4, pp112-9 Scheffer, T.C., Duncan, C.G.,1947,The Decay Resistance of certain Central American and Ecuadorian Woods,Tropical Woods,12(92, PP1-24 Slooten van der, H.J., Martinez, E.P.,1959,Descripcion y propiedades de algunas madeiras Venezolanas,Inst. for Lation Americano de Investigacion y Capaciticion Boletin,Informaturo Dirulgaturo Slooten, H.J. van der, Venezuela-Laboratories Nacional de ProductosForestates,1971,Maderas Latino americanos 6 Bursera simaruba, Poulsenia armata,,Pterocarpus officinalis y Ficus werckleana,Turrialba,21(1,pp69-76 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Venezuela-Laboratories Nacional de Productos Forestates,1974,Caraderisticas, Propiedades y usos de 104 Maderas de los allos Ilanos,occidentales,Min. Ag. y Cria, Universidad de Los andes, Merida, Venezuela Lab.Nac. de,Prod. For. Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo Colombia Volkart, C.,1965,Recopilacion dedatos sobre propiedacies y usos maderos del Bosque Tropical,de las Costa Atlantica de Nicaragua,Turrialba,15(1, pp43-57 Wangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series