Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Andira coriacea Trade Name Angelin Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Angelin, Batseed, Koraro, Kuraro batseed, Lebikiabici, Oudou, Red cabbage bark, Rode kabbes, Saint martin rouge Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Guyana, Mexico, Netherlands, Suriname Common Uses Agricultural implements, Billiard-cue butts, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Door, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Turnery, Veneer: decorative, Walking sticks Heartwood Color Red Brown Black Purple Reddish brown Red Dark brown Dark brown Sapwood Color White Yellow White to yellow Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Even Figure Interlocked Straight Distinct (figure) Stripe (figure) Interlocked Striped figure Generally straight, but not always Distinct figure Texture Coarse Medium Coarse Medium to coarse Luster Low Slightly lustrous Dull Natural Durability Resistant to termites Durable Resistant to marine borers Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately resistant to marine borer attack Susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Durable Kiln Schedules Dry at a moderate speed UK=E US=T6D2/T3D Fr=5 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Slowly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries at a moderate speed Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 20-30 m Bark width is 25-30 mm Tree height is 40-50 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect High to severe Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Moderately easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moderate gluing properties Mortising Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Finishes well Movement in Service Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Small Not stable/prone to move Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Pre-boring recommended Holds satisfactorily Difficult to nail Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planes well, to a good finish Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Sapwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Moderate working qualities Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good sanding finish Easy to sand Screwing Pre-boring recommended Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Screwing yields good results Recommend pre-boring Possible if prebored Easy to screw Turning Poor to Very Poor Results Poor results Veneering Qualities Difficult to veneer Suitable for slicing Variable veneering qualities Streaming required during bolt preparation Diifficult to veneer Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good results Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Strength Properties Density (dry Weight) = >50 lbs/cu. ft Bending strength (MOR) = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity = moderate Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Hardness (side grain) = Hard Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12954 19410 psi Density 53 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1987 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5905 8762 psi Shearing Strength 1560 psi Stiffness 1833 2113 1000 psi Weight 52 43 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 910 1364 kg/cm2 Density 849 kg/m3 Hardness 901 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 415 616 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2 Stiffness 128 148 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 833 689 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1984,St Martin Rouge - Andira coriacea,Bois et Forets des Tropiques Vol. 204 p.61-64 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed. Zeeuw, C. de, Gray, R.L.,1975,Tropical Timber Information Centre Brief No.1 - Andira Spp,TTIC