Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Common Names Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Varnishing		Scientific Name Pinus virginiana Trade Name Scrub pine Family Name Betulaceae Common Names Jersey pine, Pine, Scrub pine, Southern pine, Virginia pine Regions of Distribution North America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] United States Environmental Profile Widespread, abundant and globally secure May be rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery Data source is Nature Conservancy Distribution Overview This species occurs from southeastern New York south to northeastern Mississippi, and north to southern Indiana. It is common in abandoned fields as a pioneer species after grasses on the Piedmont hills, and grows rapidly to form thickets. It prefers clay, loam, and sandy loam on well-drained sites. It forms pure stands, and can do well even in poor or severely eroded soils. It is also found in mixed forest types, and grows from sea level to an altitute of 100 to 2500 feet (30 to 762 m). Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Pink Orange Red Sapwood Color Whitish Grain Even Straight Generally straight, but not always Texture Medium Coarse Natural Durability Perishable Moderately durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-durable Non-resistant to termites Resistant to powder post beetles Drying Defects Splitting Ease of Drying Rapidly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Tree Size Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Product Sources The primary commercial southern pine, Lololly pine is among the fastest growing of the southern pines, and is widely planted in forest plantations for pulpwood and lumber. Blunting Effect Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges Cutting Resistance Resin exudation may gum up sawteeth Moderate cutting resistance Long pitch saws recommended Gluing Good gluing properties Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good nail holding properties Planing High resin content may be troublesome since cutters tend to gum up Fairly clean and smooth machine surfaces Fair response to most machining tools Easy to machine in planing, turning, moulding, boring and other operations Resistance to Impregnation Fairly difficult to treat with preservative chemicals Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fair response to hand tools Cutters may be gummed up by resin Sanding Good sanding properties Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good screw holding properties Steam Bending Rather poor steam bending qualitites due to high resin content Painting Satisfactory painting properties Polishing Fair to Good Results Fairly satisfactory finishing treatments Staining Fair to Good Results Stains well Varnishing Responds satisfactorily to most finishing treatments Strength Properties High bending strength in air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content) Hardness = medium Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7154 12740 psi Crushing Strength 892 1385. psi Hardness 725 lbs Impact Strength 33 31 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3352 6576 psi Shearing Strength 1323 psi Stiffness 1196 1490 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.42 0.43 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 502 895 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 62 97. kg/cm2 Hardness 328 kg Impact Strength 83 78 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 235 462 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 93 kg/cm2 Stiffness 84 104 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.42 0.43 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin. Little, E.L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region. Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York. Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783. USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.