Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Plantation species? Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Steam Bending Strength Properties Substitutes Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Pinus taeda Trade Name Loblolly pine Family Name Pinaceae Common Names Bassett pine, Foxtail pine, Indian pine, Loblolly pine, Longleaf pine, North Carolina pine, Oldfield pine, Pine, Pinho-teda, Swamp pine, Taeda pine, Torch pine, Yellow pine Plantation species? Yes Regions of Distribution Africa, Latin America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, New Zealand, South Africa, Uganda, United States, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe Common Uses Balsam, Balusters, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Chemical containers, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Paneling , Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Tool handles, Toys, Vats Environmental Profile Environmental status not officially assessed Distribution Overview Loblolly pine is native to fifteen southeastern states in the United States. Its range extends from southern New Jersey south to central Florida, west to eastern Texas, and north to the far southeastern region of Oklahama. It grows on various soil types, from deep, poorly drained flood plains to well-drained slopes of rolling, hilly uplands, and it often forms pure stands, usually on abandoned farmlands. It grows from sea level to an elevation of 1500 to 2000 feet (457 to 610 m). Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Purple Orange Pale red to pink Brown White to cream Upon exposure, matures to slightly darker color Initially pink brown Sapwood Color Yellow White Grey White to yellow Not distinct from heartwood Grain Figure Growth rings (figure) Distinct (figure) Straight Even Closed Clear growth rings (figure) Distinct figure Straight High figuring Closed Clear to knotty pattern ranges Texture Medium Medium coarse to coarse Fine Even textured Luster Medium Natural Growth Defects Latex or other ducts Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Non durable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Vulnerable to attack by powder-post beetles Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from pinworms (ambrosia beetles) Prone to stain Perishable Moderate resistance Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Drying Defects Distortion Checking Splitting Slight twist/warp Tends to distort and check durin drying Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Moderately Difficult to Difficult Moderate Should be controlled to prevent excessive degrade Reported to dry Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries at a moderate speed Tree Identification Bole/stem form is unknown Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Bole length is 0-10 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 30-40 m Product Sources Scots pine is available in long lengths at low prices, but clear grades are rather difficult to obtain in commercial quantities. In addition to domestic supplies, very large quantities of Scots pine timber are imported from northern Europe into England. The imported wood is known by the trade names 'redwood' or 'red deal'. The following species in the database has similar properties to Scots pine: Para rubbertree (Hevea brasiliensis) Certified Source Certified Source Substitutes Parana pine (Araucaria angustifolia) is as dense and strong. Comments Higher in density More stable Blunting Effect Little Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Responds well to boring Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Moderate to saw Gluing Moderate gluing properties Good gluing properties Easy to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good mortising properties Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Generally easy moulding operations Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Difficult to nail Nails hold poorly Good nailing characteristics Good nail holding properties Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor resistance to decay Planes to a satisfactory finish Works fairly well but some material may pick up during planning Reduced cutting angle recommended Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is moderately resistant Fairly treatable with preservatives Difficult to penetrate with preservatives Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Responds well to routing operations Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Frequent sandpaper changes is usually necessary because of clogging by resin Screwing Screwing yields good results Easy to screw Good screwing properties Good screw holding properties Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Works easily in turning and most machining operations Steam Bending Moderate Painting Satisfactory results Good results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly good polishing characteristics Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Toughness (total work) = low Soft wood, with surfaces denting easily Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6768 11292 psi Crushing Strength 382 774 psi Density 32 lbs/ft3 Hardness 645 lbs Impact Strength 29 42 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3209 6069 psi Shearing Strength 1352 psi Stiffness 1248 1537 1000 psi Toughness 190 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 8 10 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.44 0.47 Weight 31 24 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 475 793 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 26 54 kg/cm2 Density 512 kg/m3 Hardness 292 kg Impact Strength 73 106 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 225 426 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 95 kg/cm2 Stiffness 87 108 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 218 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.56 0.70 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.44 0.47 Weight 496 384 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin. Kaiser, Jo-Ann. Wood of the Month: Southern Pine - The Commercial Name for 10 Species. Wood & Wood Products, June, 1991. Little, E.L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region. Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York. Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783. NWFA. 1994. Wood Species Used in Flooring. Technical Publication No. A200. National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO. Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. 57,74,307,439,159,97,810,303,535,360 USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.