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Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Pinus ponderosa Trade Name Ponderosa pine Family Name Pinaceae Common Names Big pine, Bird's-eye pine, Black jack pine, Black pine, Blackjack pine, British Colombia soft pine, Bull pine, Californian white pine, Knotty pine, Lodgepole pine, Oregon pine, Pine, Pitch pine, Pole pine, Ponderosa pine, Pondosa pine, Prickly pine, Western pine, Western soft pine, Western yellow pine, Yellow pine Regions of Distribution North America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Canada, United States Common Uses Agricultural implements, Beams, Bedroom suites, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Coffins, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory construction, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, General carpentry, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Pallets, Paneling , Paneling, Particleboard, Partitions, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Roofing, Screens, Toys, Turnery, Veneer Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Widespread, abundant and globally secure May be rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery Data source is Nature Conservancy Distribution Overview The most widely distributed of the pines in North America, Ponderosa pine grows from British Columbia to near the Mexican border. The species is found in Alberta, British Columbia, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. It grow mostly in the mountains, often in pure stands to form extensive forests, but may also be in mixed coniferous forests. Ponderosa pine grow from sea level in the northern parts of its range to an altitude of up 9000 feet (2745 m) in the south, with the best stand of trees occuring between 4000 and 8000 feet (1220 and 2440 m). Heartwood Color Red Reddish brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown White to cream Deep yellow to reddish brown, yellowish to light reddish, or orange brown Brown Sapwood Color White White to yellow Well defined Paler than heartwood Whitish to pale yellow Very thick in mature trees Grain Straight Figure Growth rings (figure) Even Distinct (figure) Birds-eye (figure) Straight Clear growth rings (figure) Distinct figure Straight and even Fine, dark lines of resin ducts and numerous knots that generally sound Figured with bird's-eye pattern and dimples on split tangnetial surfaces Texture Medium coarse to coarse Fine Medium Uniform Fine to medium Coarse Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin streaks Gum/resin exudation Latex or other ducts Natural Durability Non durable Moderately durable Very little natural resistance to attack by decay fungi and other wood destroying organisms Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Should not be used under high decay hazard conditions without proper protection Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Moderately resistant Odor No specific taste Clear and pleasant pine odor Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast UK=L US=T146C6S/T12C5S Standard T9-C6(4/4); T7-C5(8/4)US Schedule L (4/4) United Kingdom Antibrown stain. T7-E6(4/4); T7-E5 (8/4) US Drying Defects May warp during drying due to juvenile and compression wood Expect resin/gum exudation Chemical brown stains Ease of Drying Easy Rapid conversion of logs and seasoning of lumber to prevent blue stains Moderate Easy to dry Strength is unaffected by blue stains, and can be hidden with paint or accented with clear finishes and used as lower grade lumber. Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 0-10 m Tree height is 10-20 m Comments Abnormal wood tissue in the form of compression wood may be present General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Moderate Blunting effect on machining is slight Slight blunting effect on cutting edges Blunting effect on sawing green wood is mild Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is mild Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Easy Responds very well to boring Cutting Resistance Gum-Up Easy to saw Saws well Resin exudation may gum up sawteeth Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue Moderate gluing properties Good gluing properties Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Finishes well Easy to mortise Excellent mortising characteristics Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good finishing results Easy to mould Very good moulding properties Movement in Service Stable Small dimensional changes in response to climate fluctuations in immediate surrounding Dimensionally stable after seasoning Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Holds nails well Easy to nail Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground Good nail holding properties Excellent resistance to splitting in nailing operations Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Very good planning properties Pitch build-up on tools could be a problem Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Permeable Sapwood is permeable Sapwood in mature trees absorb preservatives readily Heartwood is moderately resistant Resistance to Splitting Good Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Works easily with hand tools, with little blunting effect on cutting edges Typically sound knots Resin exudation may interfere with some woodworking operations Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Routing yields good results Routing is easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Screwing yields good results Good screw holding properties Excellent screwing properties Easy to screw Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Easy to turn Turns well Veneering Qualities Easy to cut Suitable for peeling No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Steam Bending Exudation Poor to Very Poor Results Painting Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory results Good results Pre-treat wood surfaces with sealer before painting to prevent the bleeding of finishes Polishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Finish is generally good Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Takes variety of finishes well Requires some surface preparation Good results Strength Properties Hardness (side grain) = very soft Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Work to Maximum Load = very low Max. crushing strength = low Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness (total work) = very low Toughness (total work) = low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Surfaces may dent or scratch easily Soft Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content) Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Average weight