Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Pinus pinaster Trade Name Bournemouth pine Family Name Pinaceae Synonyms Pinus maritima Common Names Bournemouth pine, Cluster pine, Maritime pine, Pinaster den, Pinaster pine, Seaside pine, Tree of gold Regions of Distribution Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Algeria, France, Greece, Portugal Common Uses Boxes and crates, Chemical derivatives, Flooring, Fuelwood, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Mine timbers, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties Heartwood Color Brown Pink White Red Reddish brown Pale red to pink White to cream Red Brown, red, dark reddish brown with nearly black stripes after prolonged exposure Brown Sapwood Color White Brown Yellow White to yellow Well defined Paler than heartwood Grain Figure Distinct (figure) Growth rings (figure) Straight Even Distinct figure Clear growth rings (figure) Straight Texture Fine Even or uniform Uniform Medium Coarse Coarse Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin exudation Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Non-durable Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to powder post beetles Moderately durable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Perishable Non durable Odor Has an odor Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast UK=M Drying Defects Distortion Checking Expect slight degrade due to knots, splits, and loosening Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Fairly Easy Thick Stock Requires Care Easy Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is variable Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Gluing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Small Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Planing Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Sanding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering Qualities There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Moderately easy to veneer Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Work to Maximum Load = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = very small Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Toughness (total work) = very low Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi Density 36 lbs/ft3 Hardness 319 lbs Impact Strength 22 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 2139 3916 psi Shearing Strength 1221 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Toughness 130 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 5 7 inch-lbs/in3 Weight 35 28 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2 Density 576 kg/m3 Hardness 144 kg Impact Strength 55 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 150 275 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 85 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 149 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.35 0.49 cm-kg/cm3 Weight 560 448 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London Forest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSO Gutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102 Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Redding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43 Rijsdijk, L.F. and Laming, P.B.,1994,Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers, Information for,Practice,TNO Building and Construction Research Centre for Timber Research Kluwer,Academic Publishers Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36 Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30 Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. London Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition