Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Plantation species? Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Pinus patula Trade Name Jelicote pine Family Name Pinaceae Synonyms Pinus subpatula Common Names Jelicote pine, Mexican pine, Ocote, Patula pine, Patula-den, Pinho patula, Pino, Spreading leafed pine Plantation species? Yes Regions of Distribution Africa, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Angola, Argentina, Brazil, India, Kenya, New Zealand, South Africa, Tanzania Common Uses Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Concrete formwork, Food containers, Joinery, Light construction, Paneling, Particleboard, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Shingles, Turnery, Vats Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Orange White Purple White to cream Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red Same as heartwood Grain Figure Growth rings (figure) Distinct (figure) Straight Spiral Crossed Wavy Even Closed Weak (figure) Clear growth rings (figure) Straight Distinct figure Wavy Spiral Weak figure Texture Fine Medium Coarse Fine to medium Natural Durability Non-durable Durable Moderately durable Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to marine borer attack Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Non durable Heartwood susceptible to attack by decay fungi Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable Odor Has an odor Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast UK=K US=T13C4S/T11D3S UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Drying Defects Discoloration Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is unknown Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 10-20 m Sapwood width is 10-15 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Tree height is 50-60 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Product Sources Longleaf pine, Shortleaf pine (P. echinata), Loblolly pine (P. taeda), and Slash pine (P. elliottii) are so similar in structure that they are impossible to differentiate, and are usually mixed and marketed on the basis of density under the trade name Southern pine. The greatest production of Southern pine timber originates from Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Certified Source Certified Source Blunting Effect Moderate Little Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Moderately easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Finishes poorly Easy to mortise Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to mould Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Medium Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Easy to nail Holds nails well Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to plane Planes to a poor finish Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Permeable heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is permeable Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting Good Excellent Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to sand Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor results Interlocked slightly to moderately Difficult to turn Veneering Qualities Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer Veneers easily Suitable for peeling Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Varnishing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Bending strength (MOR) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness (total work) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = very soft Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 5466 8485 psi Density 29 lbs/ft3 Hardness 319 lbs Impact Strength 15 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3027 5157 psi Shearing Strength 1164 psi Stiffness 1129 1320 1000 psi Toughness 95 inch-lbs Weight 28 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 384 596 kg/cm2 Density 464 kg/m3 Hardness 144 kg Impact Strength 38 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 212 362 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 81 kg/cm2 Stiffness 79 92 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 109 cm-kg Weight 448 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Bier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. Moshi Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Paterson,1961,Average mechanical and physical properties of Kenya exotic softwoods,Kenya Forest Department, Technical Note No.82 (revised 1963) Poynton, R.J.,1957,Notes on Exotic Forest Trees in South Africa (Second Edition, Revised,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.38 Scott, M.H.,1951,The Quality and Uses of Exotic Softwoods in South Africa,Empire Forestry Review 30:235-249 Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36 Sekhar, A.C.; Shukla, N.K. and Gandhi, B.L.,1974,A Note on the Strength Properties of some Exotic Species.,Van Vigyan XII (1-4) 1-7 Shukla, N.K. and Sangal, S.K.,1986,Preliminary studies of strength properties of some exotic timbers,Indian Forester 112:5, 459-465 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Tanzania - Timber Marketing Co. Ltd.,1978,Timber from Tanzania Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47 Uganda Forestry Department,1954,Pilot tests of strength properties of some Ugandan grown timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber leaflet No. 46