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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resin Content Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Substitutes Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Pinus monticola Trade Name Western white pine Family Name Pinaceae Common Names Idaho white pine, Mountain pine, Mountain white pine, Pine, Silver pine, Soft pine, Western white pine, White pine Regions of Distribution North America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Canada, United States Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: masts, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Domestic flooring, Drawing boards, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory flooring, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Packing cases, Paneling , Paneling, Partitions, Plywood, Rafters, Roofing, Shakes, Sheathing, Shingles, Siding, Sub-flooring, Toys, Trimming, Vehicle parts, Wainscotting Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Rare Widespread, abundant and globally secure May be rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery Data source is Nature Conservancy Distribution Overview This species occurs in Alberta, British Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington. It grows primarily in western Montana and northern Idaho. Western white pine is sometimes referred to as 'Idaho White pine' because it attain its best development in Idaho. The tree is often found in mixed forests, occasionally in nearly pure stands, in moist mountain soils, and grows from sea level to an elevation of up to 3500 feet (1067 m) in the northern parts of its range, and to 6000 to 9800 feet (1829 to 2987 m) in the south. Heartwood Color Red Brown Yellow Pink Orange Purple White to cream Pale brown Reddish brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Red Pale yellow to reddish brown or cream to light brown Numerous knots, which are darker in color Fine resin ducts Darkens upon exposure The timber a very popular choice for panelling The wood is similar to Eastern white pine in appearance. Sapwood Color White Yellow Red White to yellow Same as heartwood Nearly white to pale yelllowish white Narrow to medium in width Grain Straight Figure Growth rings (figure) Even Distinct (figure) Weak (figure) Straight Clear growth rings (figure) Weak figure Straight and even Distinct figure Texture Medium Fine Coarse Medium Medium coarse to coarse Fine Fair to medium coarse Natural Growth Defects Latex or other ducts Natural Durability Non-durable Moderately durable Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Non durable Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Some natural resistance to attack by decay fungi Moderately resistant Chemical protection required before application under conditions promoting decay Odor Has an odor Has a taste Slight resinous odor No taste Resin Content Resinous Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Dry at a moderate speed Drying (speed) is fast UK=L US=T146C6S/T12C5S UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 T9-C5(4/4);T7-C4(8/4)Us Schedule L (4/4) United Kingdom Drying Defects Distortion Checking Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Chemical brown stains Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Easy Moderate Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 10-20 m Bark width is 25-30 mm Sapwood width is 10-15 cm Certified Source Certified Source Substitutes Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is slight Slight blunting effect on cutting edges Boring Easy Responds very well to boring Carving Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Easy to saw, especially if cutting edges are kept very sharp Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to glue Moderate gluing properties Excellent gluing properties Mortising Finishes well Easy to mortise Excellent mortising characteristics Moulding Good finishing results Easy to mould Very good moulding properties Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Stable Small dimensional changes in response to fluctuations in atmospheric conditions Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Holds nails well Easy to nail Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground Good nail holding properties Excellent resistance to splitting in nailing operations Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Works to yield very clean and smooth surfaces Very good planning properties Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Sapwood is moderately resistant Permeable Moderately resistant to preservative treatment Heartwood is moderately resistant Resistance to Splitting Good Satisfactory Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Yields a smooth, clean finish Responds well to hand tools Requires very sharp cutting edges Routing & Recessing Routing yields good results Routing is easy Sanding Good sanding properties Screwing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Screwing yields good results Easy to screw Good screw holding properties Excellent screwing properties Turning Good results Easy to turn Turns well Veneering Qualities Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer Veneers easily Suitable for peeling There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Suitable for peeling Moderately easy to veneer Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Generally unsuitable for steam bending Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Takes paint well Satisfactory results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good results Generally polishes well Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Finish is generally good Stains well Satisfactory Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Varnishes well Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Work to Maximum Load = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness (total work) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Surfaces may dent easily Soft Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Medium weight Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 5289 9229 psi Crushing Strength 206 451 psi Density 26 lbs/ft3 Hardness 372 lbs Impact Strength 18 19 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 2445 4698 psi Shearing Strength 970 psi Static Bending 2842 5390 psi Stiffness 1189 1422 1000 psi Toughness 95 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 5 8 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.32 0.35 Weight 27 26 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 11 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 371 648 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 14 31 kg/cm2 Density 416 kg/m3 Hardness 168 kg Impact Strength 45 48 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 171 330 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 68 kg/cm2 Static Bending 199 378 kg/cm2 Stiffness 83 99 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 109 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.35 0.56 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.32 0.35 Weight 432 416 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Bendsten, B.A.,1972,Important Structural Properties of Four Western Softwoods: White Pine,,Sugar Pine, Western Redcedar, Port-Orford Cedar,USDA Forest Service Research Paper FPL191 Betts, H.S.,1954,American Woods - Western White Pine,USDA, Forest Service American Woods Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1984,Wapa- Eperua falcata, E. grandiflora, E. rubignosa,Bois et Forets des Tropiques Vol.204 p.69-72 Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin. Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, London Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADA Canadian Forestry Service. 1981. Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada. Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London Forest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSO Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Jackson, A. and D. Day. 1991. Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood. Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio. Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Little, E.L. 1980. The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region. Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York. Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479 Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783. Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd Edition Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72 USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Western Wood Products Association. 19__. Softwoods of the Western USA. Published and Distributed by the Western Wood Products Association, Yeon Building, 522 S.W. Fifth Avenue, Portland, Oregon. Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85 Wood, A.D.,1963,Plywoods of the World: Their Development, Manufacture and,Application,Johnston & Bacon Ltd. Edinburgh & London