Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Boring Common Names Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Pinus glabra Trade Name Spruce pine Family Name Betulaceae Common Names Cedar pine, Pine, Spruce pine, Walter pine Regions of Distribution North America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] United States Environmental Profile Some long-term concern for the species May be rare in some parts of its range Generally widespread, secure, and abundant within most of its range Data source is Nature Conservancy Distribution Overview The least common of the southeastern United States pines, the species occurs singly or in groups on the low terraces in a mixture with hardwoods and with Loblolly and Shortleaf pines. Its natural growth range is the coastal plains from eastern South Carolina to northern Florida and west to southeastern Lousiana. Spruce pine is often a minor component of mixed swamp forests, and prefers moist lowland soils, particularly along rivers. It grows from sea level to elevations of up to 500 feet (152 m). Heartwood Color White Ages to dark rich shade of reddish-brown upon exposure Sapwood Color White Whitish Grain Even Straight Straight Texture Medium Fine Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to termites Non-durable Perishable Non-resistant to marine borers Moderately durable Resistant to powder post beetles Odor No specific smell or taste Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Rapid Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Bole length is 10-20 m Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor to Very Poor Results Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Moderate resistant to attack by decay causing organisms Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turning Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Strength Properties Soft wood, with surfaces denting easily Medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content) Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 5880 10192 psi Crushing Strength 274 715 psi Hardness 647 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 2783 5537 psi Shearing Strength 1460 psi Stiffness 980 1205 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.38 0.4 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 413 716 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 19 50 kg/cm2 Hardness 293 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 195 389 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 102 kg/cm2 Stiffness 68 84 1000 kg/cm2 References Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin. Little, E.L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region. Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York. Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783. Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.