Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Common Names Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Pinus clausa Trade Name Sand Pine Family Name Betulaceae Common Names Sand pine, Scrub pine, Spruce pine Regions of Distribution North America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Canada, United States Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Very rare Rare in its natural habitat Locally found in a restricted range Locally found in a restricted range Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within its range Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Data source is Nature Conservancy Abundant in some locations Rare in its natural habitats in Florida and Alabama in the US Distribution Overview This species occurs almost exclusively in Florida, where it is found in two separate regions about 125 miles (200 km) apart. Primary growth site is in central Florida, and the secondary site is located in the western part of the state. The species grows from sea level to an elevation of about 200 feet (60 m). Its range extends to Fort Lauderdale on the Atlantic Coast, and to Tampa on the Gulf Coast. The species is also reported to extend westward into Alabama. Sand pine trees growing in the western part of its range are typified by cones that open when mature, but those growing in central Florida are reported to open and release their seeds only after a severe fire sweeps through its range. The habitat in both areas are, however, believed to be fragmented and are continually being depleted by development. The tree prefers well-drained sandy soils, and is often found in pure stands. Heartwood Color Brown Red White Yellow Purple Orange Ages to dark rich shade of reddish-brown upon exposure Sapwood Color White Yellow Red Yellowish Whitish Grain Even Straight Straight Texture Medium Fine Coarse Natural Durability Moderately durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-durable Perishable Durable Non-resistant to termites Odor Has an odor Has a taste Drying Defects Discoloration Checking Distortion Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Moderately Difficult to Difficult Slowly Rapidly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries at a moderate speed Naturally dries quickly Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 60-70 m Blunting Effect Little Boring Fairly easy to very easy Very good to excellent results Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Moderately resistant to preservative treatment Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer Veneers easily Steam Bending Unsuitable Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Varnishing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Hardness = medium Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7350 11368 psi Crushing Strength 441 819 psi Hardness 715 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3371 6782 psi Stiffness 1000 1382 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 9 9 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.32 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 516 799 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 31 57 kg/cm2 Hardness 324 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 237 476 kg/cm2 Stiffness 70 97 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.63 0.63 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.32 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin. Little, E.L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region. Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York. Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783. Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.