Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Certified Source Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resin Content Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Pinus banksiana Trade Name Jack pine Family Name Pinaceae Common Names Banks pine, Banksian pine, Black pine, Cypress pine, Gray pine, Grey pine, Hudson Bay pine, Jack pine, Juniper bull pine, Northern scrub pine, Pine, Princess pine, Scrub pine, Spruce pine Regions of Distribution North America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Canada, United States Common Uses Bent Parts, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Casks, Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Foundation posts, Fuelwood, Garage doors/Overhead garage doors, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Packing cases, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Shakes, Sheathing, Shingles, Siding, Stakes, Trimming, Utility poles, Vats, Wainscotting, Windows Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Widespread, abundant and globally secure May be rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery Data source is Nature Conservancy Distribution Overview The most northerly of the pines, this North American species grows from near the Arctic Circle in the valley of the Mackenzie River through the Canadian forest belt and as far south as Maine. It is found in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and the Yukon Territory in Canada. Its range in the United States include Alaska, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New York, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Indiana, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. The tree prefers to grow in sandy soils, dunes, and on outcrops, and is usually found in large pure stands at elevations of up to 2000 feet (610 m). Heartwood Color Brown Red White Yellow Orange Purple Pink Pale brown Reddish brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown Pale red to pink Light orange to light brown Sapwood Color Yellow White White to yellow Paler than heartwood Nearly white, pale yellowish-brown, or cream to lemon Grain Figure Growth rings (figure) Even Crossed Straight Spiral Distinct (figure) Clear growth rings (figure) Straight Spiral Growth rings are conspicuous, and split tangential surfaces are sometimes dimpled Generally straight, but may be somewhat uneven Distinct and very fine figure Texture Coarse Medium Fine Even or uniform Medium Coarse Uneven Medium coarse to coarse Fine to medium Luster Low Natural Durability Durable Perishable Non-durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Non durable Very little natural resistance to decay in ground contact Perishable Absorbs and retains enough chemical preservatives Odor Has an odor Non-Characteristic resinous odor No specific taste Resin Content Somewhat resinous Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast UK=L US=T146C6S/T12C5S Drying Defects Checking Discoloration Distortion Slight twist/warp Moderate defects Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Moderately Difficult to Difficult Easy Air dries easily and uniformly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is greater than 70 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 60-70 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 50-60 m Tree height is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm Jack pine growing in the northern regions of its range tend to be scrubby, but they are straight and tall in the southern parts. Product Sources Jack pine lumber is often graded with the spruces and marketed in the Spruce-Pine-Fir group. Certified Source Certified Source Blunting Effect Little Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Very good to excellent results Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Easy to glue Bonds well with all types of commercial adhesives Mortising Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Small Dimensional changes in reponse to changing moisture content are minimal Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Holds nails well Easy to nail Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Heartwood is moderately resistant Sapwood is permeable Resistant Fairly difficult to penetrate with preservatives Resistance to Splitting Satisfactory Poor Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Responds satisfactorily to most machining operations Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Easy to screw Screwing yields good results Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Veneering Qualities Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer Veneers easily Suitable for peeling There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Moderately easy to veneer Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Satisfactory results Takes paint satisfactorily Poor results Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory results Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Finish is generally good Satisfactory Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Work to Maximum Load = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Not hard Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Moderate weight Medium impact resistance Medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content) Dents and marrs easily Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 5811 9560 psi Crushing Strength 294 568 psi Density 31 lbs/ft3 Hardness 447 lbs Impact Strength 25 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3019 5461 psi Shearing Strength 1150 psi Static Bending 3430 6360 psi Stiffness 1112 1349 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 6 7 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.37 0.4 Weight 31 30 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 408 672 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 20 39 kg/cm2 Density 496 kg/m3 Hardness 202 kg Impact Strength 63 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 212 383 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 80 kg/cm2 Static Bending 241 447 kg/cm2 Stiffness 78 94 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.42 0.49 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.37 0.4 Weight 496 480 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. 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Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Rudolph, R.D.,1985,American Woods - Jack Pine,USDA, Forest Service American Woods FS-252 T.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and Uses,TRADA Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72 USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Van der Slooten, H.J., Llach Cordero, L.,1969,Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in,Costa Rica,Turrialba 19(2) 284-90