Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Parinari insularum Trade Name Sa Family Name Chrysobalanaceae Common Names Sa Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Fiji [Polynesia] Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Charcoal, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Heavy construction, Marine construction, Piling, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Vehicle parts Heartwood Color Brown Purple Black Pale red to pink Reddish brown Brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Pink Red Brown Same as heartwood Paler than heartwood Grain Even Closed Straight Wavy Straight Wavy Texture Medium Fine Coarse Luster Medium High Low Natural Durability Very durable Durable Resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Non durable Moderately resistant to marine borer attack Moderately durable Odor Has an odor Silica Content Severe Toxicity Dermatitic effects Drying Defects Splitting Distortion Checking Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Fairly Easy Variable Slowly Rapidly Moderate Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Naturally dries quickly Tree Size Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Bark width is 10-15 mm Blunting Effect High to severe Moderate Blunting effect on machining is severe Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe Boring Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gum-Up Moderate to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue Mortising Difficult to mortise Moulding Difficult to mould Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fair to Good Results Possible if prebored Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Permeable sapwood Resistant sapwood Sapwood is permeable Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is permeable Heartwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Difficult to turn Veneering Qualities Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Diifficult to veneer Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10164 15844 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi Shearing Strength 2205 psi Stiffness 1816 2094 1000 psi Weight 46 37 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 714 1113 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Maximum Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2 Stiffness 127 147 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 737 592 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % References Alston, A.S.,1966,Natural Heartwood Durability,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No. 2 Alston, A.S.,1966,Powder Post Beetle Lyctus Species,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.6 Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1972,The Mechanical Properties of 56 Fijian Timbers,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.,62 Fiji Department of Forestry,1969,A Summary of the Properties of 34 Indigenous Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.38 Fiji Forestry Department,1967,The Properties and Potential Uses of Sa (Parinari insularum) A Summary of,C.S.I.R.O. Investigations,Fiji Timbers and their Uses No. 25, Department of Forestry, Suva, Fiji Fiji Forestry Department,1981,The Properties and Uses of 43 Indigenous and Exotic Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.71 Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1