Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Paratecoma peroba Trade Name White Peroba Family Name Bignoniaceae Synonyms Tecoma peroba Common Names Edelteak, Ipe, Ipe claro, Ipe de bahia, Ipe peroba, Ipe rajado, Ipê peroba, Moah wood, Pau peroba, Peroba, Peroba amaralla, Peroba amarella, Peroba blanca, Peroba branca, Peroba branco, Peroba de campos, Peroba do campo, Peroba jaune, Peroba manchada, Peroba manchado, Peroba parda, Peroba reseca, Peroba rosa, Peroba tigre, Peroba tigrinha, Peroba tremida, Peroba verdadeira, Peroba verdaderira, Perobinha, Perobinha do campo, White peroba Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil Common Uses Baskets, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Decks, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Planks, Plywood, Poles, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Roofing, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stools, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Tables , Tables, Utility furniture, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wardrobes Environmental Profile Data source is Nature Conservancy The species is critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity or because of some factor or factors that render it especially vulnerable to extinction. White peroba occurs in very small numbers globally (typically 21 or fewer occurences), and there are very few remaining individual trees or acres of trees Distribution Overview The growth range of the species includes the Rio Doce area of coastal Brazil at altitudes of below 160 feet (50 m). Heartwood Color Yellow Red Brown Orange Greenish to greyish Red Pale brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Dark brown Brown The heartwood is light olive, with a yellowish, greenish, or reddish cast, and may be faintly striped Sapwood Color White Yellow Red Well defined White to yellow Yellowish White Paler than heartwood Grain Figure Interlocked Straight Stripe (figure) Wavy Distinct (figure) Closed Even Other (figure) Rippled (figure) Growth rings (figure) Straight Interlocked Striped figure Wavy Distinct figure Distinct and very fine figure Rippled figure Other figure Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Coarse Medium Medium Fine Fine to medium Luster Medium Lustrous Fairly lustrous Dull Natural Growth Defects Yellowish deposits in vessels Whitish deposits in vessels Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Non-durable Very durable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Heartwood has high natural resistance to decay Durable It could last between 10 and 15 years in contact with the ground and without any preservative treatment. Odor No specific smell or taste Toxicity Unspecified toxicity Dermatitic effects Respiratory effects Some individuals are allergic to the fine dust produced from machining operations Kiln Schedules UK=D US=T3D2/T3C1 US=T3D2/T3D1 Drying Defects Moderate twist/warp Severe twisting/warping Moderate surface checking Slight end splitting Moderate end spitting Slight surface checking Splitting is negligible. Warping may develop, and could be serious in thinner stock containing irregular grain Ease of Drying Easy Difficult Dries readily with little or no degrade Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Sapwood width is greater than 25 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm The tree, which is reported to develop clear and cylindrical boles to 90 feet (27 m), may reach a height of about 130 feet (40 m) and a trunk diameter of up to 60 inches (150 cm). Product Sources White peroba has once enjoyed the position as the most popular timber tree of the Rio de Janeiro area for fine furniture and interior trim, but it is now almost extinct. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Responds well to boring Carving Easy to carve Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Easy to glue Good gluing properties Mortising Easy to mortise Moulding Good moulding properties Planing Ease of planing is moderate The material is generally easy to work, but quartersawn surfaces may require some care in planing Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is resistant The material is rather resistant to impregnation Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Good routing characteristics Sanding Good sanding properties Turning Easy to turn Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Steam Bending Poor Polishing Good results Generally polishes well Staining Finish is generally good Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Radial = small Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = very small Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Work to Maximum Load = very low Weight = very heavy Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Density = high The bending strength of air-dried wood of the species is similar to that of Teak, which is considered to be strong. It has superior properties in compression parallel to grain in the air-dry condition than Teak, White oak, or Hard maple. It is fairly hard, resisting wear, denting, and marring fairly well Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11067 16469 psi Density 46 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1624 lbs Impact Strength 30 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 6047 9001 psi Shearing Strength 2123 psi Stiffness 1497 1764 1000 psi Toughness 320 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 5 8 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.57 0.59 Weight 46 36 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Volumetric Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 778 1157 kg/cm2 Density 737 kg/m3 Hardness 736 kg Impact Strength 76 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 425 632 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 149 kg/cm2 Stiffness 105 124 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 368 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.35 0.56 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.57 0.59 Weight 737 576 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % References Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Brazier, J.D.,1975,Properties and uses of Brazilian woods,Journal of the Institute of Wood Science,7(2,pp50-57 Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT Gerry, E.,1954,Ipe Peroba/Peroba do Campo - Paratecoma peroba,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison Info. Leaflet - Foreign Woods Report 2000 Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32 HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer, Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Lavers, G. M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416 Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1940,American Woods of the Family Bignoniaceae,Tropical Woods,8(63,pp 9-38 Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Record, S.J.,1931,Notes on Brazilian Timbers Hudoke and Macawood,Tropical Woods,4(27,pp14-5 Redding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43 Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition Tropical Woods,1968,Madeiras Comercias Brasileiras,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo Brazil Publ.,857 U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1952,Foreign Woods Imported into the U.S.,F.P.L. Madison Rep., No. R1903-12 U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72 Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13