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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resin Content Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities |
Synonyms Olea hochstetteri
Common Names Black ironwood, East African olive, Ironwood, Ironwood olive, Kiptakeriondu, Masaieta, Murakoiwa, Musat, Musharagi, Musharangi, Musherage, Musheragi, Muthat, Ngiwe, Ngwe, Ol-toliondo, Olive, Olmasi Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP] Cameroon, Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia Common Uses Agricultural implements, Axles, Bearings & bushings, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Bobbins, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Brush backs & handles, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mathematical instruments, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Paneling , Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Sculpture, Shipbuilding, Specialty items, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Wheel spokes, Wheels Environmental Profile
Vulnerable in Uganda and the Ivory coast Distribution Overview The species is reported be found in montane rain forests at altitudes of 6000 to 9000 feet (1830 to 2745 m). They are common in Kenya and parts of Zaire, but are less frequently found in Uganda and Tanzania Heartwood Color
Sapwood Color
Grain
Texture
Luster
Natural Durability
The heartwood has little natural resistance to decay fungi, and is susceptible to attack by termites and white ants (Isoptera). Odor
Resin Content
The wood contains resin which is usually secreted during steaming Kiln Schedules
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Radial - 4.0% Shrinkage Values (Green to 12% MC) Tangential - 6.5% Kiln Drying Rate
Tree Identification
Tree Size
It develops boles that are seldom straight and heavily fluted Product Sources Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect
Boring
The slightly interlocked grain is reported to affect boring properties. The wood generally responds well to machine tools to yield smooth, clean surfaces Carving
Cutting Resistance
Seasoned wood is less difficult to convert than green wood. Gluing
Mortising
Wood containing interlocked grain is more difficult to work Moulding
The timber has a tendency to chatter in moulding operations. A French head and collars are most suitable for moulding the wood Movement in Service
Nailing
Planing
A 20 degree planing angle and increased load on pressure bars and shoes is recommended to avoid vibration Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Material containing interlocked grain may be difficult to work Sanding
Screwing
Turning
Veneering Qualities
Steam Bending
Painting
Polishing
Staining
Varnishing
Strength Properties
It is far stronger, for example, than Hard maple, White oak, or Teak. It is very hard, and may be difficult to process with ordinary tools. It is very resistant to wear Numerical Data
References Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45 Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Bond, C.W.,1950,Colonial Timbers,Sir Issac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London Brenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2 Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. Moshi Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1954,Hardwoods for Industrial Flooring,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet, No.48 Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45 Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38 Grant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Department HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods. 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Kaiser, Jo-Ann. Wood of the Month: Olive - An Ancient, Peaceful Species. Wood & Wood Products, June, 1992. Page 40. Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12 Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi. Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEEC Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23 Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 South African Lumber Millers Assoc.,1969,Notes on some Commercially Available Hardwoods,S.A.L.M.A. Timber Info. Centre Timber Technical Guide,No.1 Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38 Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1959,Survey of Africa Woods 4,Tropical Woods 17(110) pp42-115 Tack, C.H.,1953,Plywood and veneer species,Forest Department, Uganda. Technical Note 5/1953 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Tanzania Forest Department,1960,The Natural Durability of Local Timbers,Tanzanian Forest Dept. Tech. Note,No.14 Tanzania Forest Department,1966,Flooring Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of Tanganyika Tanzania Forest Division,1963,Maesopsis eminii (Musizi,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of Tanganyika Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Olea hochstetteri (East African Olive,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of Tanganyika Tanzania Forest Division,1967,The Weights and Shrinkage of some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sect. Technical Note,No.25 Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Timber Information Assoc. Ltd.,1947,Notes on East African Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information, No.28 Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition Uganda Forest Department,1954,Flooring Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.17 Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1 WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. 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