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Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Mora gonggrijpii Trade Name Faveira Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Faveira, Goma pashaca, Kouatakama, Mahot rouge, Mora, Mora bukea, Mora de guayana, Moraboekea, Morabukea, Morera, Nato, Nato rojo, Parakwai, Pracuuba, Royo, Tamarindo, Visgueiro Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, Columbia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Common Uses Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Charcoal, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Piling, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview The natural growth range of this species is confined to the forests in Guyana and Surinam. It is described as a dominant species which prefers heavy clay soils on hillsides. Heartwood Color Brown Purple Green/grey Red Reddish brown Dark brown Brown Pale red to pink Dark brown Yellowish Yellow to golden-yellow to orange The heartwood is yellowish-red brown, reddish brown or dark red with lighter streaks. Sapwood Color Brown White to yellow Different than heartwood Well defined Pinkish Paler than heartwood Pale yellow Distinct from the heartwood Grain Straight Interlocked Figure Closed Even Wavy Distinct (figure) Variable (figure) Rippled (figure) Straight Interlocked Wavy Variable figure Distinct figure Rippled figure Texture Fine Coarse Medium Medium coarse to coarse Medium Fine to medium Coarse Fine Luster Medium Low Lustrous Pronounced Medium to high Natural Durability Perishable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Very durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Moderately durable Highly resistant to attack by drywood termites Heartwood resistance to decay varies by species Material from Surinam and Guyana is resistant to very resistant to attack by brown-rot and white-rot fungi Odor There is usually an astringent taste and a slightly sour odor Toxicity Respiratory effects Dermatitic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2 T2 - C2 (4/4); T2 - C1 (8/4) US Drying Defects Distortion Moderate surface checking Severe twisting/warping Moderate twist/warp Severe cupping Slight surface checking No resin/gum exudation Slight twist/warp Improper stacking may cause the material to warp. Stock with boxed heart are liable to split Ease of Drying Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Little degrade Difficult Moderate Timber should be stacked carefully Easy Dry slowly and carefully to minimize degrade Reports on drying vary, but it is generally moderately to season Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m The tree is reported to often attain a height of 100 to 120 feet (30 to 37 m), with a trunk diameter of 24 to 36 inches (60 to 90 cm) above large buttresses which may be 15 feet (4.5 m) high Product Sources The ITTO reports that the species is an important source of timber for local consumption. Export potential is rated as fair. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is severe Blunting effect on machining is moderate Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Very good to excellent results Fairly easy to very easy Interlocked grain may cause chipping and pick-up in boring operations Fairly difficult to penetrate with preservatives Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Yields smooth clean surfaces Moderate to fairly difficult to saw Interlocked grain may result in considerable pick-up and chipped grain Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Mortising Fair to Good Results Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Movement in Service Large Nailing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Possible if prebored Difficult to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Straight grained material yields clean surfaces Planes to a poor finish Difficult to plane Timber containing interlocked grain may chip and pick-up considerably. Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Responds Readily Difficult to machine Moderate working qualities Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly difficult to penetrate with preservatives Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moderately difficult to sand Screwing Poor to Very Poor Results Easy to screw Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to turn Poor results Straight grained material yields smooth surfaces Interlocked grain makes turning fairly difficult Difficult to turn Veneering Qualities No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Moderately easy to veneer Steam Bending Moderate Polishing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Staining Reacts with Iron to discolour wood Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = very high Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = hard Very heavy Very hard Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = low The species is considerably stronger than White oak or Teak. It has exceptionally high bending strength qualities when air-dried. It is very hard, and may require special tools to process. The weight is exceptionally high, even in the seasoned condition. It is much heavier than Teak or White oak. The species has very high density. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 14384 23627 psi Density 62 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2895 lbs Impact Strength 55 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 7709 12353 psi Shearing Strength 2755 psi Stiffness 2391 3010 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 24 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.72 Weight 62 50 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 6 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 19 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1011 1661 kg/cm2 Density 993 kg/m3 Hardness 1313 kg Impact Strength 139 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 542 868 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 193 kg/cm2 Stiffness 168 211 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 1.68 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.72 Weight 993 801 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 6 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45 Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Caribbean Commission,1952,Information on properties of timbers gathered by questionnaire and,collated in the secretariat of the Caribbean Commission including some,related data from technical literature.,Caribbean Commission, Port of Spain, Trinidad Caribbean Timbers, their,Utilization and Trade within the area CTUTA/1/Doc.7 + App.1-18 Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Edmondson, C.H.,1949,Reaction of Woods from S.America and Caribbean areas to Marine Borers in,Hawaiian Waters,Caribbean Foresters,10(1,PP37-41 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45 Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38 Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT Guna et al, S.R.D.,1945,Notes on British Guiana Timbers,The 'Daily Chronicle' Ltd. Printers,28PP HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer, Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Japing, H.W.,1957,Tests about the most important mechanical and physical properties of 41,Surinam woods,Konin. Institut voor de Tropen,Amsterdam Meded,122 (Afd.,Trop.,Prod.46) Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Kynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7 Lavers, G. M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207 Polak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The Netherlands Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30 Surinam Forest Service,1952,Surinam Timber - A Summary with brief descriptions of the main timber,species of Surinam,Surinam Forest Service Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed. Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series