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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities Weathering		Scientific Name Michelia champaca Trade Name Chambaggam Family Name Magnoliaceae Common Names Chambaggam, Champ, Champa, Champak, Champakamu, Chempagam, Chempaka merah, Chyamka, Kanchanamu, Kola sampige, Kud champa, Laran, Napu, Oulia champ, Saga, Sagawa, Sampenga, Sampige, Sanga, Sapu, Sonchampa, Tita sopa Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, China, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand Common Uses Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Mathematical instruments, Paneling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Questionable Abundant/Secure Heartwood Color Brown Black White Pale brown Greenish to greyish Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown Dark brown Sapwood Color Yellow White White to yellow Grain Straight Figure Even Growth rings (figure) Straight Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Coarse Medium Fine Medium Fine to medium Fine Luster Low Lustrous Natural Durability Resistant to termites Durable Very durable Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Resistant to powder post beetles Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-durable Non durable Very durable Durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Moderately durable Weathering Excellent Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Checking Distortion Splitting Severe end splitting Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thick Stock Requires Care Slowly Moderate Easy Difficult Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Bole length is 0-10 m Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Certified Source Certified Source Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Moderate Little High to severe Boring Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Pre-Boring Recommended Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Pre-boring recommended Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Very Good to Excellent Results Difficult to turn Veneering Qualities Difficult to veneer Suitable for slicing Easy to cut Suitable for peeling Polishing Poor to Very Poor Results Fair to Good Results Surface Preparation Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Satisfactory results Good results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Varnishing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Strength Properties Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi Density 31 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Impact Strength 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3155 5334 psi Shearing Strength 882 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Weight 30 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2 Density 496 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Impact Strength 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 221 375 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 480 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London McCann, C.,1947,Trees of India: A Popular Handbook,D.B.Taraporevala Sons & Co. Bombay Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia