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Blunting Effect Boring Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing		Scientific Name Mezilauris itauba Trade Name Apisie-ie Family Name Lauraceae Synonyms Oreodaphne hookeriana, Silvia anacardioides, Silvia itauba, Silvia polyanthma, Silvia rondonii Common Names Apisie-ie, Itaouba amarela, Itauba, Itauba abacate, Itauba amarela, Itauba preta, Itauba verdadeira, Itauba vermelha, Itauba-preta, Kaneerjoe, Lore, Louro itauba, Rukut, Siroecabali, Siroecabali tataro, Tapinhoa, Tapinhoam, Tapinhoan, Tataro e kaneelhout Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Bridge construction, Cooperages, Door, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Piling, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Tool handles, Turnery, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Heartwood Color Yellow Orange Brown Black Red Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Greenish to greyish Dark brown Reddish brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red Grain Straight Interlocked Wavy Closed Even Straight Interlocked Wavy Texture Coarse Medium Fine Medium Coarse Fine to medium Luster Medium High Lustrous Dull Slightly lustrous Natural Durability Resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Durable Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to attack from marine borers Very durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Odor Has an odor Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Dry at a slow speed Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Distortion Checking Splitting Moderate twist/warp Moderate surface checking Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Slight spring/bow Slight end splitting Severe surface checking No twisting or warping No cupping, generally Moderate spring/bow Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thick Stock Requires Care Slowly Little degrade Difficult Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Size Sapwood width is 10-15 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 20-30 m Certified Source Certified Source Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Moderate Little Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Fair to good results Fairly difficult to very difficult Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Surface Preparation Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Fair to Good Results Moderately easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Difficult to machine Moderate working qualities Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Painting Satisfactory results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10938 16994 psi Density 54 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6526 9501 psi Shearing Strength 1924 psi Stiffness 1685 1944 1000 psi Weight 53 43 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 769 1194 kg/cm2 Density 865 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 458 668 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 135 kg/cm2 Stiffness 118 136 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 849 689 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Almeida, D.G. de, Costa, J.R. da,1956,Madeiras do Brasil. (Timbers of Brazil.,Min. Ag. Servico de Economia Rural, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,pp56 Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Brazier, J.D.,1975,Properties and uses of Brazilian woods,Journal of the Institute of Wood Science,7(2,pp50-57 Brazil -, I.B.D.F.,1980,Woods from Tucurui - characteristics and application,The Ag. Ministry Brazilian Institute for Forest Development Brazil-Ministerio do Interior,1979,Pesquisas e Informac†ces sobre especies florestais da Amazonia,Dept. de Recuros Naturais Centro de Tecnologia Madeireira Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Ducke, A.,1943,The Most Important Woods of the Amazon Valley,Tropical Woods,12(74,pp1-15 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Horn, E.F.,1948,Teredo Resistant Timbers of the Amazon Valley,Tropical Woods,12(93,pp35-40 Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem Brasil Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416 Mainieri, C.,1971,25 Madeiras da Amazonia de Valor Comercial, Caracterizacas macroscopia,,usos comuns e indices qualificativos,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Publ., No.798 Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1942,American Timbers of the Family Lauraceae,Tropical Woods,69,pp7-33 Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Tropical Woods,1968,Madeiras Comercias Brasileiras,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo Brazil Publ.,857 Wangaard, F.F., et al,1954,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 4,Tropical Woods,14(99, pp1-187 Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85