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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities Weathering		Scientific Name Mangifera indicata Trade Name Am Family Name Anacardiaceae Common Names Am, Ama, Amba, Amba-nujhada, Ambe, Ambi, Ambo, Amiya, Amri, Asam, Bocho, Figured asam, Ghari am, Jegachu, Krerk, Kruk, Lamung, Ma-monton, Maa, Machang, Mak-mong, Mamadi, Mangga, Mango, Manguier, Marka, Marka marra, Mavena, Mavina-mara, Mavu, Sagyaw, Shagyaw, Takau, Thaiguja-baphang, Thayet, Thekachu, Ul, Uli, Umung Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, Guadelope [France], India, Malaysia, Nepal, Puerto Rico [US], Thailand Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Cooperages, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: percussion, Oars, Paneling, Plywood, Poles, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Distribution Overview Throughout tropical Asia, most species found in Malaya. M. indica produces the mango fruit of commerce and has been introduced throughout tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Heartwood Color Brown Red Pink Purple Green/grey Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Pale brown Greenish-Beige Dark brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Red Pink White to yellow Same as heartwood Different than heartwood Grain Straight Interlocked Wavy Figure Closed Even Distinct (figure) Growth rings (figure) Very fine Rays (figure) Variable (figure) Straight Interlocked Wavy Variable figure Rays figure Figure occurrence is very fine and distinct Distinct figure Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Fine Medium Coarse Even or uniform Medium coarse to coarse Medium Coarse Fine to medium Luster Medium High Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Brittleheart is often frequent and extensive Natural Durability Durable Resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Very durable Non-resistant to termites Non durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable Perishable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Durable Weathering Excellent Silica Content High Siliceous Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Distortion Checking Splitting Slight twist/warp No surface checking No end splitting Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Medium to High Shrinkage Thick Stock Requires Care End-Coating Slowly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Naturally dries at a moderate speed Rapid Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 0-10 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Bark width is greather than 50 mm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect High to severe Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Easy Carving Fair to Good Results Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Mortising Poor to Very Poor Results Finishes well Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Holds nails well Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Planes well, to a good finish Planes to a satisfactory finish Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting Good Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Variable qualities Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Sanding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor results Screwing Screwing yields good results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Finish is generally satisfactory Veneering Qualities Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer Veneers easily Easy to cut Suitable for peeling Painting Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory results Good results Staining Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract Finish is generally good Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Max. crushing strength = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Tangential = small Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Bending strength (MOR) = very low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7144 11165 psi Density 40 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1260 lbs Impact Strength 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3176 5364 psi Shearing Strength 882 psi Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi Weight 39 31 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 502 784 kg/cm2 Density 641 kg/m3 Hardness 571 kg Impact Strength 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 223 377 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2 Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 624 496 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Anon,1963,Indian Woods: Their Identification, Properties and uses. Vol.II Linaceae,to Moringaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, India Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3 Hearne, D.A.,1975,Trees for Darwin and Northern Australia,Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Jain, N.C., Et al,1974,Peeling characteristics of Indian timbers Part 14. Mangifera indica,(mango,Holzforschung Und Holzverwertung 26(S) pp107-9 Jain, V.K.; Arora, K.L.; and Sharma, A.K.,1993,A Note on the Movement of some Indian Timbers,The Indian Forester Vol.119 No.11, pp.936-939 Kapur, S.N., Rehman, M.A.,1939,Notes on the air seasoning characteristics of some Indian woods,Indian Forest Records (n.s.) No.1 (8) Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory Limaye, V.D., Sultan Mohammed,1942,The testing and suitability of Indian timbers for plywood tea chests,Indian Forest Records (NS) Utilization 2(8, Forest Res. Inst. Dehra Dun Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70 Limaye, V.D.,1957,Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses and Suitability.,Indian Forest Records (N.S. Timber Mechanics Vol.1 No.2) Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249 Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98 Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods - Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205 Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Ramamritham, S.,1954,Use of indigenous (Indian) timber for wood development of aircraft quality,plywood,Comp. Wood 1(6) pp138-4 Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Sekhar, A.C., Rajput, S.S.,1968,Physical and mechanical properties of sal (Shorea robusta) from fourteen,diffrent localities in India,Indian Forester 94(2) pp175-85 Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24 Skolmen, R.G.,1974,Some woods of Hawaii, properties and uses of 16 commercial species,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest,and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report PSW_8 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Varian, H.F., Gallardo, A.C.,1940,Notes on the susceptibility to insect attack of Philippine woods,Philippine Journal of forestry 3(3) pp347-78 Wong Choong Ngok, Burgess, H.J.,1960,A comparison of linear shrinkage data obtained by different methods,Malaysia Forest Research Institute, Forestry Department Research Pamphlet,29