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Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Lagerstroemia spp. Trade Name Pyinma Family Name Lythraceae Synonyms Lagerstroemia flo, Lagerstroemia reginae Common Names Abak, Adamboe, Agupanga, Ajhar, Aropag, Astromelia, Banaba, Banang-pulo, Banglang, Batiladhan, Bolashari, Bondara, Bungir, Bungor, Bungor ayer, Bungur, Bungur lilin, Challa hole dasal, Eikmwe, Einmwe, Flor de la reina, Gara, Gara saikre, Gawknguchyamang, Hani, Hole-dasal, Intanin, Intannin, Jarul, Kadali, Kamaung, Kamaungni, Kau-ilan, Ketangi, King of flowers, Langoti, Lohuwa, Mai-sa-hpong, Makabalo, Manaba, Mani maruthu, Mani-maruthu, Melindres, Mitla, Mota bondara, Muhur, Mundi, Muruta, Nabulong, Nir marutha, Nir maruthu, Nir-venthekku, Nirmarud, Omdolu, Pamalasagon, Pamalauagon, Pamarauagon, Pantahaun, Parasabukung, Pride of India, Pu maruthu, Pumaruthu, Pyinma, Pyinma-ni, Queen crapemyrtle, Queen flower, Queen of flowers, Queens flower, Reina de las flores, Sekre, Shem marutha, Tabaek, Tabangao, Tabek, Taman, Tanbangau, Thwa-mu, Thwa-u, wengu, Ye-pyinma Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Beams, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Decks, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Paneling , Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Structural work, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Rare Status has not been officially assessed Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Vulnerable within its growth range in the Philippines, and its status in Vietnam is classified as Insufficiently Known which means that it is suspected to be either Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare Distribution Overview Indo-Malayan region including Indochina and extending into Indonesia and the Philippines; along rivers and on moist flat land; often cultivated as an ornamental. Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Purple Orange Reddish brown Pale red to pink Light red Greenish to greyish Gray-Yellow Dark brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown White to yellow Yellow/Brown White Well defined Very wide Pinkish Different than heartwood Color not distinct from heartwood Light yellow brown to grayish white with an occasional pinkish hue. Grain Straight Wavy Interlocked Figure Even Closed Growth rings (figure) Crossed Distinct (figure) Other (figure) Straight Interlocked Wavy Clear growth rings (figure) Other figure Occasionally wavy Distinct figure Crossed A combination of the semi-ring pore structure and the occasional wavy grain produces an attractive figure. Texture Coarse Fine Resinous and oily Medium Medium coarse to coarse Medium Fine to medium Coarse Uneven Fine Luster Lustrous Slightly lustrous Natural Growth Defects Latex or other ducts Natural Durability Moderately durable Durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to termites Resistant to powder post beetles Durable Moderately durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Very durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles Resistant to attack from pinworms (ambrosia beetles) The heartwood is fairly durable and somewhat resistant to attack by termites Odor No specific smell or taste Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is slow Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Drying Defects Distortion Checking Splitting Resin Exudation Ring Shakes Moderate end spitting Moderate surface checking Slight twist/warp Slight end splitting Type and extent of degrade during seasoning varies with species. Timber from Lagerstroemia calyculata is described as refractory and is prone to severe warping and splitting. Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Moderately Difficult to Difficult Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Medium to High Shrinkage Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries at a moderate speed Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is misshapen Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 60-70 m Tree height is 20-30 m Bark width is greather than 50 mm Under favorable growing conditions, the trees are reported to mature to heights of about 100 feet, with trunk diameters of 36 to 48 inches (90 and 122 cm). Boles are often fluted, and are clear of branches to about 40 feet. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little Boring Fair to good results Fairly difficult to very difficult Good boring properties Bored surfaces are usually clean Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good mortising properties Finishes satisfactorily Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good moulding properties Nailing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Holds nails well Easy to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Responds well to most machine tools to produce a relatively smooth finish Planes to a satisfactory finish Irregular grain is liable to pick up and may be difficult to plane Fairly easy to work Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is highly resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood response to preservative treatment is very poor (absorptions less than 2 pcf). The sapwood is treatable. Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Moderate working qualities The timber responds well to hand tools. Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Works well in most machining operations Sanding Good sanding finish Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Easy to screw Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to turn Finish is generally satisfactory The timber responds well to ordinary tools to yield good results in turning operations. Veneering Qualities Veneers moderately easy Veneers easily No drying degrade Suitable for peeling Diifficult to veneer Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Painting Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Staining Poor to Very Poor Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Finish is generally satisfactory Varnishing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = soft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Resists denting and marring Moderately hard Max. crushing strength = high Heavy Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = low Comparable to teak. Other species in this range include Teak, White oak, and Hard maple Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9371 14311 psi Crushing Strength 1110 1723. psi Density 41 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1119 lbs Impact Strength 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 4377 7320 psi Shearing Strength 1910 psi Static Bending 5018 7824. psi Stiffness 1310 1597 1000 psi Toughness 245 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.51 Weight 40 30 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 11 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 658 1006 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 78 121. kg/cm2 Density 657 kg/m3 Hardness 507 kg Impact Strength 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 307 514 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 134 kg/cm2 Static Bending 352 550. kg/cm2 Stiffness 92 112 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 282 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.51 Weight 641 480 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Blatter, E., Millard, W.S.,1937,Some Beautiful Indian Trees,John Bale, Sons & Cornow Ltd, London Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12 Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-H Limaye, V.D.,1957,Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses and Suitability.,Indian Forest Records (N.S. Timber Mechanics Vol.1 No.2) Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249 Martawijaya, A. (Ed.,1978,Timbers used for the ship building industry in Indonesia,Lembaga Penelitian Hasil Hutan, Bogor, Indonesia, Laporan No.109 McCann, C.,1947,Trees of India: A Popular Handbook,D.B.Taraporevala Sons & Co. Bombay Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Purkayastha, S.K.,1982,Indian woods: Their identifications, properties and uses, Vol. IV,Myrlacene to Symploceae,Controller of Publications, New Delhi Ramesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun India Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24 Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-Indonesia Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition Varian, H.F., Gallardo, A.C.,1940,Notes on the susceptibility to insect attack of Philippine woods,Philippine Journal of forestry 3(3) pp347-78 WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia