Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Jacaranda copaia Trade Name Copaia Family Name Bignoniaceae Synonyms Bignonia procera, Jacaranda procera Common Names Abey, Aku, Alieskieie, Alieskieie wewe, Amchi ponga, Amuscu, Arabisco, Arbol de roseto, Barbatimao, Bois a pian, Bois a plain, Bois pian, Caballitos, Caco, Cambaota pequena, Cambote, Carabinho do matto, Carabinho guassu, Carabuco, Carauba, Carnauba da Malta, Carnauba de matta, Caroba, Caroba do campo, Caroba do carrasco, Caroba do mato, Caroba do matto, Caroba manaca, Caroba miuda, Caroba preta, Caroba roxa, Carobeira, Carobinho, Carobinho do campo, Carobossu, Casco de cavalho, Cedro blanco, Chingale, Cobaja, Conhecida ainda por, Copaia, Copaia des chantiers, Copay, Copaya, Coroba, Coupaia des chanters, Coupaia des chantiers, Cupay, Diamilikie, Fau, Faux, Faux simarouba, Fettejie, Foete-ie, Footee, Footie, Fotui, Fute, Futi, Futui, Gallina, Gallinazo, Gallino, Gobaia, Gobaja, Goebaja, Goebaya, Gualandai, Gualanday, Guarupa, Jacaranda, Jacaranda caroba, Jacaranda da serra, Jacaranda mimosa, Jacaranda preto, Jaivie, Jassie, Jassie noedol, Jassie-hoehoe, Jawie, Jessie-noedol, Joivie, Kabana, Kandrahoedoe, Koepaia, Koepaja, Kopaia, Koroballi, Kuiship, Majaariran, Mampa falsa, Mari-mari, Marupa falsa, Marupa falso, Marupauba, N'gobaya, Nazare, Njamoesere, Noedal, Nogal blanco, Onguent-pian, Palo de buba, Para-pasa, Parapara, Parapara guassu, Pará pará, Pasa, Pavito, Phootee, Phootie, Saca candela, Samarapa, Samarupa, Sand trysil, Simarouba falsa, Simaruba copaia, Tambor, Tjoekoenda, Totui, What o'clock, Yachibon, Yachimanbo, Yaefi Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela Common Uses Balusters, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Ceiling, Chairs, Chests, Coffins, Concrete formwork, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Office furniture, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plain veneer, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Stair rails, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Structural plywood, Toothpicks, Utility plywood, Veneer Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Rare Widespread Rank of relative endangerment based on number of occurences globally. May be rare in some parts of its range Globally secure Data source is Nature Conservancy Abundant Distribution Overview From Belize southward to Brazil. A component of the upland forests of the Amazon region and also common in the mixed hardwood forests of Guyana. Regenerates abundantly on old clearings. Heartwood Color Purple Brown Red Pink White to cream Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Prominent vessel lines Dull white to oatmeal Sapwood Color White Color not distinct from heartwood White to yellow Paler than heartwood Grain Straight Interlocked Even Figure Weak (figure) Straight Interlocked Weak figure Generally straight, but not always A light flecked figure is occasionally present on planed quartersawn surfaces Texture Fine Medium coarse to coarse Medium Coarse Luster Pronounced Lustrous High Natural Durability Very durable Perishable Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Vulnerable to insect attack Very low natural resistance to decay and attack by termites Very durable Prone to blue stain Moderately durable Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Distortion Slight surface checking Slight spring/bow Slight end splitting No twisting or warping Generally free from spring and bow Slight twisting and surface- and end-checking may develop during drying. Some sources also report severe case-hardening. Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Easy Dries at a fast rate Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Sometimes develop swollen bases. Trunks are usually cylindrical and somewhat straight and clear Product Sources The ITTO reports that the species is a very important source of timber. The timber is exported regularly from Brazil to China and Japan. Certified Source Certified Source Comments Copaia wood is reported to compare favorably to White pine in cleavage properties. It is harder than White pine, but is inferior in tension perpendicular to grain, modulus of rupture, impact strength or shock resistance, and shearing strength General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little dulling effect Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Woolly surfaces common in both green and dry material Easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good carving properties Carving tools should be kept very sharp to avoid fuzzy surfaces Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Tendency to splinter Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Sawn surfaces are woolly especially in green lumber. Gluing Good properties Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Requires very sharp cutting edges Good mortising properties Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Requires very sharp cutting edges Performs well in machining operations Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to poor dimensional stability after seasoning Nailing Holds nails well Easy to nail Nails hold poorly Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes to a poor finish Ease of planing is moderate Easy to plane Planing is reported to produce fuzzy surfaces in green and even in seasoned wood. Cutters should be kept very sharp. Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is permeable Penetration and retention of preservatives are adequate in the heartwood Response to Hand Tools Responds Readily Easy to machine The wood responds well to hand tools, but cutting edges must be kept very sharp to prevent woolly surfaces. Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy The wood responds well to routing operations, especially when very sharp cutters are used Sanding Good sanding qualities Screwing Easy to screw Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy The material is reported to turn well but very sharp cutters are required to prevent fuzzy surfaces Veneering Qualities Easy to cut Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory results Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = large Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Bending strength (MOR) = very low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 5340 8786 psi Crushing Strength 177 338 psi Density 26 lbs/ft3 Hardness 355 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 2423 4530 psi Shearing Strength 827 psi Static Bending 2391 5184 psi Stiffness 1148 1423 1000 psi Toughness 53 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 3 5 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.27 0.32 Weight 25 23 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 375 617 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 12 23 kg/cm2 Density 416 kg/m3 Hardness 161 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 170 318 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 58 kg/cm2 Static Bending 168 364 kg/cm2 Stiffness 80 100 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 61 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.21 0.35 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.27 0.32 Weight 400 368 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Almeida, D.G. de, Costa, J.R. da,1956,Madeiras do Brasil. (Timbers of Brazil.,Min. Ag. Servico de Economia Rural, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,pp56 Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais Guyana Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Brazil -, I.B.D.F.,1980,Woods from Tucurui - characteristics and application,The Ag. Ministry Brazilian Institute for Forest Development Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Falla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de Estudios Fisico-Mechanicos de Algunas Maderas de la Serrania,de San Lucas. (Some timbers of the San Lucas mountain range.,Plegable Divulgativo, Div. Forestal, Inderena Colombia,pp6 Falla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de los estudios Fisico-Mecanicos de 41 especies Maderables de,la,region Carare-Opon. (Results of studies of the physical and mechanical,properties of 41 timber species of the Carare-Opon region.,Inst. de Desarrollo de los Recursos Naturales Renovables. Div. For.,Pleagble Divulgativo, Inderena Colombia,pp6 Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Haygreen, J.G., French, D.W.,1971,Some Characteristics of Particleboards form 4 Tropical Hardwoods of,Central America,Forest Products Journal,21(2,pp30-33 Hoheisel, H., Karstedt, P.,1967,Identification of Ecuadorian Wood Sp. for possibilities of Utilization on,the basis of Technological Results,Institito Forestal Latino-Americana Merida Venezuala Hoheisel, H.,1968,Identification of some Colombian wood Sp. and their possible use on the,basis of physical and mechanical properties,Latin American Forest Research and Training Institute, Merida Venezuala I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting ITTO. New Marketable Species Technical Notes. Prepared by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-marne Cedex, France. Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem Brasil Polak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The Netherlands Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1940,American Woods of the Family Bignoniaceae,Tropical Woods,8(63,pp 9-38 Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T. Surinam Forest Service,1952,Surinam Timber - A Summary with brief descriptions of the main timber,species of Surinam,Surinam Forest Service Tad,1925,Jacaranda copaia in British Guiana,Tropical Woods,1(3,pp6-8 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza. 1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market. ITTO Technical Series 1. Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil. Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA] Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo Colombia Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed. Wangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series