Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Steam Bending Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Horsfieldia irya Trade Name Horsfieldia Family Name Common Names Horsfieldia Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka Common Uses Boat building, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Fine furniture, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Millwork, Moldings, Precision instruments, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stools, Stringers, Tables , Trimming, Utility furniture, Wainscotting, Wardrobes Environmental Profile Vulnerable within its natural growth range Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Distribution Overview The species occurs in Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Sri Lanka. Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Orange Red Pale brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Same as heartwood Grain Even Straight Generally straight, but not always Texture Coarse Medium Fine Luster Low Natural Durability Durable Very durable Resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Very little natural resistance Odor No specific smell or taste Toxicity Some toxic effects Drying Defects Distortion Checking Splitting Mold may develop in early stages of drying Mold can be removed by planing Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly Dries slowly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Naturally dries at a moderate speed Tree Size Tree height is 40-50 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Sapwood width is 10-15 cm Tree height is 50-60 m Bole length is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm Blunting Effect Little Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Good results Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to carve Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Responds well to circular saws Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Mortise finishing is very good Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to mould Movement in Service Seasoned wood is stable Movement after manufacture is small Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Tends to split during nailing Pre-boring required Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Excellent response Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Routing is easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good sanding qualities Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Good results Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 4998 8062 psi Density 27 lbs/ft3 Hardness 407 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 2479 4910 psi Shearing Strength 729 psi Static Bending 3479 5361 psi Stiffness 1245 1460 1000 psi Toughness 51 inch-lbs Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 351 566 kg/cm2 Density 432 kg/m3 Hardness 184 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 174 345 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 51 kg/cm2 Static Bending 244 376 kg/cm2 Stiffness 87 102 1000 kg/cm2 References Bolza, E., Kloot, N. H. 1966. The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers. Technological Paper No. 41. Division of Forest Products, Center for Scientific and Industrial Organization (CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.