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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Turning		Scientific Name Homalium foetidum Trade Name Malas Family Name Flacourtiaceae Common Names Aranga, Bansisian, Batu bagelang, Burma lancewood, Gia, Hate besi, Hate fina, Hia, Ied, Kalat-kalat, Karondang rante, Keruing rengkas, Kolaka, Malas, Malasata, Matandauw, Melmas, Merhai, Molaba, Momala, Mustigawe, Ngersaum, Padang, Petaling, Petaling padang, Puyut, Ropir, Samar, Sclimbar, Selimbar, Takaliu Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building, Bridge construction, Construction, Decks, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Paneling, Piling, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Endangered Extinct Status unknown in many of its growth areas Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Distribution Overview Burma to Indomalesia. Heartwood Color Yellow Brown Reddish brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown Purple Sapwood Color Brown Yellow Same as heartwood Pale Grain Straight Interlocked Even Straight Interlocked Straight to deeply interlocked Generally straight, but not always The wood is rather plain in appearance, without any figure. Texture Medium Fine Even or uniform Uniform Fine Even textured Luster Low Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Resistant to termites Moderately durable Durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Very durable Resistant to decay Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from marine borers Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Moderately resistant to marine borer attack Odor Sour odor No specific taste Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid UK=D US=T3D2/T3C1 Table 500 (J11-12) (4/4) US Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Splitting Checking Distortion Moderate surface checking Slight twist/warp Quartersawn lumber may develop shallow end checks Moderate end spitting Flat sawn material may develop surface checks Ease of Drying Slowly Thick Stock Requires Care Little degrade Seasons well, especially the quartersawn material Moderate Kiln Drying Rate Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little Blunting effect on sawing green wood is moderate Slight Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Good results Easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moderate gluing properties Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moderately easy to mortise Finishes well Finishes satisfactorily Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding ease is moderate Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Large Nailing Pre-boring required Tends to split during nailing Pre-boring recommended Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Good planing properties Easy to plane Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is permeable Heartwood is moderately resistant Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Responds Readily Easy to Work Moderate working qualities Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Good sanding finish Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Finish is generally satisfactory Polishing Fair to Good Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12926 20692 psi Density 51 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6520 10074 psi Shearing Strength 2200 psi Stiffness 2119 2531 1000 psi Weight 51 41 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 908 1454 kg/cm2 Density 817 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 458 708 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 154 kg/cm2 Stiffness 148 177 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 817 657 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % References Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11 Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74 Eddowes, P. J. 1961. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Forest Products Research Center, Papua New Guinea. Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Griffioen, K.,1967,Colloque sur le role des recherches techniques dans le developpement de,l'emploi des bois tropicaux en Europe,C.T.F.T. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Papua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, Brisbane Papua New Guinea,1982,Papua New Guinea timbers - technical data,Forest Industries Council P.N.G. Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-Indonesia Tsumoto, T., Karasawa, H.,1975,The Properties of Tropical Woods 21,Government of Japan Forest Experimental Station Bulletin,No.227 Wallis, N.K. 1956. Australian Timber Handbook. Sponsored by The Timber Development Association of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Ltd., 89 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, Australia. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.