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Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Hyeronyma laxiflora Trade Name Ananiwana Family Name Euphorbiaceae Common Names Aguacatillo, Ananiwana, Aquacatillo, Candelo, Cargamento, Carne asada, Carneasada, Casaco, Cedro macho, Curtidor, Mascary, Nancio, Okotjo, Pantano, Piento bolletrie, Piento-bolletrie, Sangue de boi, Soeradan, Sorodan, Suradamni, Suradan, Suradanni, Tarroeha, Tarroema, Tilokoenoeroe, Trompillo Uricana Urucurana Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela Common Uses Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Crossties, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, General carpentry, Harbor work, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Office furniture, Paneling, Piling, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Raft floats, Railroad ties, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wheel spokes Environmental Profile Status unknown in many of its growth areas Distribution Overview Depending on the species, ranges from southern Mexico to southern Brazil including the Guianas, Peru, and Colombia, also throughout the West Indies. Varies from abundant in seasonal marshes to relic occurrences in old forests on heavy soils. Heartwood Color Yellow Red Purple Brown Green/grey Orange Dark brown Reddish brown Dark brown Red Purplish-pink-gray Brown Sapwood Color Pinkish Well defined Pinkish white Gray beige Grain Figure Interlocked Stripe (figure) Even Rippled (figure) Other (figure) Silver tint (figure) Straight Irregular Striped figure Interlocked Rippled figure Other figure Straight Irregular and highly interlocked Figure produces a silver cast Texture Medium Fine Medium coarse to coarse Medium Fine to medium Luster Medium Slightly lustrous Dull Natural Growth Defects Gum and mineral deposits Natural Durability Moderately durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Resistant to termites Resistant to attack from marine borers Durable Resistant to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Moderately durable Moderate heartwood resistance to termites Heartwood susceptible to dry wood insect attack Heartwood resistant to decay Odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Moderate Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Splitting Checking Distortion Moderate surface checking Slight end splitting Moderate twist/warp Slight twist/warp Slight distortion No twisting or warping No cupping, generally Moderate spring/bow Case hardening may occur No end splitting Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Moderate Dries rapidly with little degrade Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 40-50 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect Little High to severe Medium effect Boring Easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Difficult to saw Gluing Easy to glue Glues well Mortising Finishes well Moulding Good finishing results Nailing Pre-boring required Holds nails well Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Easy to plane Planes to a satisfactory finish Planes to a poor finish Interlocked grain may affect planing Ease of planing is moderate Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Sapwood is permeable Moderately permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Moderate working qualities Difficult to machine Sanding Good sanding finish Screwing Screwing yields good results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Steam Bending Good Polishing Requires a filler Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Max. crushing strength = high Hardness = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Work to Maximum Load = very low Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11552 18586 psi Crushing Strength 745 1137 psi Density 50 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1696 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5492 9280 psi Shearing Strength 1787 psi Static Bending 6148 10888 psi Stiffness 1917 2262 1000 psi Toughness 182 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 6 9 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.52 0.58 Weight 51 49 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 17 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 812 1306 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 52 79 kg/cm2 Density 801 kg/m3 Hardness 769 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 386 652 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 125 kg/cm2 Static Bending 432 765 kg/cm2 Stiffness 134 159 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 209 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.42 0.63 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.52 0.58 Weight 817 785 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Tropical Timber Information Centre,1975,Hieronyma alchorneoides and Hieronyma laxiflora,State University, New York TTIC Brief No. 5. Wangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.