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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Turning		Scientific Name Heritiera ornithocephala Trade Name Choboch Family Name Sterculiaceae Common Names Choboch, Chopwoch, Chumprak, Huynh, Kanze, Lumbayau, Mengkulang, Rosarosa Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Fiji [Polynesia], Fiji, Myanmar Common Uses Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Packing cases, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Sills, Sporting Goods, Stools, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Indo-Malayan region Heartwood Color Yellow Reddish brown Red Contains dark streaks Sapwood Color Yellow White Pinkish Well defined White to yellow Grain Figure Variable (figure) Interlocked Growth rings (figure) Interlocked Variable figure Irregular color Fissile Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Medium Medium Even textured Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Vulnerable to drywood termite attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately resistant to attack by marine borers Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Contains silica Kiln Schedules T3 - D2 (4/4) US T3 - D1 (8/4) US Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Drying Defects Severe collapse and honeycomb Moderate collapse and honeycombing Ease of Drying Rapidly Fairly Easy Little degrade Moderate Radial and tangential shrinkage from 1-4% Easy Difficult Control drying yields best results Air-drying under cover and weight yield best results Quarter sawing is preferable over back sawing since reconditioning treatment may open up checks in backsawn material Kiln Drying Rate Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Product Sources Log production from this species is about 2% of Fiji's total timber production. It is often sold as 'Fiji hardwood' in a mixture with several other species. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Severe Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Difficult Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Cross-cutting easy Gluing Fair to Good Results Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Mortising, boring, routing, and carving are all difficult Cutting edges dull rapidly Nailing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Holds nails well Difficult to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Extremely resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Good sanding qualities Screwing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Excellent results Backsawn stock finishes very well Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11440 17988 psi Crushing Strength 1284 1661 psi Density 48 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2110 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6460 9789 psi Shearing Strength 2375 psi Static Bending 7370 10025 psi Stiffness 1927 2247 1000 psi Toughness 239 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.64 0.7 Weight 47 42 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 804 1264 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 90 116 kg/cm2 Density 769 kg/m3 Hardness 957 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 454 688 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 166 kg/cm2 Static Bending 518 704 kg/cm2 Stiffness 135 157 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 275 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.64 0.7 Weight 753 673 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Alston, A.S.,1966,Natural Heartwood Durability,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No. 2 Alston, A.S.,1966,Powder Post Beetle Lyctus Species,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.6 Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1972,The Mechanical Properties of 56 Fijian Timbers,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.,62 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318. Fiji Department of Forestry,1969,A Summary of the Properties of 34 Indigenous Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.38 Fiji Department of Forestry,1972,Guide to the use of local timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.55 Fiji Forestry Department,1967,The Properties and Potential Uses of Rosarosa (Heritiera ornithocephala) A,Summary of C.S.I.R.O. Investigations,Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.18, Forestry Department Suva, Fiji Fiji Forestry Department,1969,Timbers for Flooring A Note on Current & Potential Species,Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.36, Department of Forestry, Suva, Fiji Fiji Forestry Department,1981,The Properties and Uses of 43 Indigenous and Exotic Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.71 Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1