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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Heritiera javanica Trade Name Mengkulang Family Name Sterculiaceae Synonyms Tarrietia javanica, Tarrietia simplicifolia Common Names Balia, Balung ayam, Buhanan, Cerlang laut, Choboch, Chopwoch, Chumplak, Chumpraek, Chumprag, Chumprak, Dungon, Dungun, Dungun gungung, Dungun-dungun, Galumpit, Gelupang batu, Geremo, Huynh, Jumit, Kalampe, Kalumpang asok, Kanze, Kembang, Kemunyau, Kimeyong, Kipoleng, Lengkodang, Lesi-lesi, Lingan, Lumbayao, Lumbayau, Lumbayau-batu, Lumbayaubato, Lungulo, Lungun, Meaba, Mengkulang, Miaa, Palapi, Pelapi, Rorum, Rumu, Rungun, Tahungan, Teralin, Teraling, Tutubungan, Warasar Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand Common Uses Agricultural implements, Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Hardboards, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Moldings, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Toys, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wheel spokes, Wheels Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Cambodia, mainly. Heartwood Color White Brown Red Pink Yellow Orange Reddish brown Pale red to pink Red Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Whitish Red/orange/bluish-pink/golden-brown Dark brown Sapwood Color Red Brown Yellow White Well defined Paler than heartwood White to yellow Different than heartwood Pale Grain Straight Figure Interlocked Rays (figure) Closed Even Distinct (figure) Fiddleback (figure) Variable (figure) Wavy Rippled (figure) Straight Interlocked Rays figure Wavy Straight to deeply interlocked Rippled figure Irregular color Figure shows fiddleback Distinct figure Texture Coarse Medium Uniform Even or uniform Coarse Medium to coarse Medium Luster Low Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Knots are occasionally present. Gum and mineral deposits Brittleheart sometimes present. Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-durable Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to marine borers Moderately durable Durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Poor weathering properties Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Non durable Heartwood has very little natural resistance Odor Has an odor Unpleasant odor when first cut No specific taste No odor, generally. Silica Content Low Kiln Schedules T3 - D2 (4/4) US T3 - D1 (8/4) US Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Distortion Splitting Checking Slight surface checking Moderate twist/warp Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Fairly Easy Rapidly Thick Stock Requires Care Slowly Requires special attention Easy Radial and tangential shrinkage from 1-2% Dries rapidly with little degrade Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Naturally dries at a moderate speed Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 0-10 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 10-20 m Product Sources Timber produced by this species is often mixed together and marketed with those of other Heritiera species and Red meranti and Red lauan produced by the Shorea genus. Comments Cells may contain dark gum-like deposits General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Moderate High to severe Severe Blunting effect on sawing green wood is severe Blunting effect on machining is moderate Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Moderate to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Seasoned wood is stable Movement after manufacture is small Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Pre-boring recommended Tends to split during nailing Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Poor planing properties due to silica and irregular grain Planes well, to a good finish Planes to a satisfactory finish Ease of planing is moderate Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Poor response due to silica & irregular grain Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Good sanding qualities Screwing Pre-boring recommended Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Poor results Difficult to turn Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Suitable for slicing Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer Good gluing qualities There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Suitable for peeling No steaming needed during bolt preparation. Moderately easy to veneer Easy to cut Bolt preparation requires steaming Steam Bending Unsuitable Painting Paints well after filler Good results Polishing Good results Requires a filler Staining Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Staining is possible after filing Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10380 16695 psi Crushing Strength 604 938. psi Density 43 lbs/ft3 Impact Strength 31 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 4522 6904 psi Shearing Strength 1883 psi Static Bending 5754 8971. psi Stiffness 1485 1616 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 12 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.51 0.65 Weight 42 32 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 729 1173 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 42 65. kg/cm2 Density 689 kg/m3 Impact Strength 78 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 317 485 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 132 kg/cm2 Static Bending 404 630. kg/cm2 Stiffness 104 113 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.84 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.51 0.65 Weight 673 512 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318. France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France Gueneau, P., Gueneau, D.,1969,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Malagaches,CTFT Madagascar Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210 Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1956. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 4. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California. Martawijaya, A., Kadir, K., Kartasujana, I.,1986,Indonesian Wood Atlas. Vol.1.,Department of Forestry Agency for Forestry Research and Development.,Bogar-Indonesia Menon, P.K.B.,1959,The wood anatomy of Malayan timbers: commercial timbers, 3. Light,hardwoods,Malaysian Forest Research Institute Kepong, Research Pamplet, No. 27. Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T. Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.