Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Garcinia kola Trade Name Adu Family Name Guttiferae Common Names Adu, Bita-kola, Bitter cola, Ebongagnagne, Edun, Efiat, Efrie, Etirai, Goro, Kofe, Ntu, Ojie, Okain, Okan, Onie, Orogbo, Sagbe, Sagbei, Sagbi, Sefufudua, Suapea, Swa-meh, Ta-sagbe, Tiampa, Twapea, Tweapea, Twiapia, Ugolu Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Flooring, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Railroad ties, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Rare Heartwood Color Red Brown Purple Greenish to greyish Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown Pale brown Sapwood Color Yellow White Same as heartwood White to yellow Grain Even Straight Straight Texture Coarse Medium Fine Fine to medium Coarse Luster Slightly lustrous Lustrous Natural Durability Very durable Sapwood not resistant to insect attack Moderately durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from marine borers Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Perishable Non durable Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Light-Induced Color Change Darker Drying Defects Checking Distortion Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Gluing Easy to glue Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Nailing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult to nail Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Screwing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Polishing Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Density 51 lbs/ft3 Weight 50 40 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Density 817 kg/m3 Weight 801 641 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153 Hedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la Cameroun Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London Keay, R.W.J., et al,1960,Nigerian Trees Vol.1,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan Kennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer Lagos Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159 Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent Belguim Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra Leone Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and Sons