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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Euxylophora paraensis Trade Name Pau amarello Family Name Rutaceae Common Names Amarello, Amarello vinhatico, Amarelo-cetim, Bois bresil, Boxwood, Brazilian boxwood, Brazilian satinwood, Canary wood, Cetim, Limao rana, Limao-rana, Muira-taua, Muirataua, Pao amarello, Pao setim, Para-amarello, Pau, Pau amarello, Pau setim, Pau-cetim, Pequia cetim, Pequia setim, Satean wood, Sateen wood, Satinwood, Vinhatico de espinho, Vinhatico de macaco Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil Common Uses Boat building (general), Brush backs & handles, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Sporting Goods, Stools, Sub-flooring, Tables , Tool handles, Turnery, Utility furniture, Wardrobes Environmental Profile Vulnerable in parts of its natural habitat Distribution Overview Grows almost exclusively in dry land areas of Brazil's Para State, in the lower Amazon Heartwood Color Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown Sapwood Color White to yellow Grain Straight Wavy Even Interlocked Closed Figure Weak (figure) Generally straight, but not always Wavy Interlocked Weak figure Texture Medium Medium Luster Low Lustrous Pronounced Highly lustrous Natural Durability Moderately durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Non durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Moderately resistant to Marine Borer attack Odor No specific smell or taste Light-Induced Color Change Darker Toxicity Dermatitic effects Drying Defects Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Ease of Drying Easy Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Product Sources The ITTO reports that the species is a fairly important source of timber, and is frequently exported. Timber produced by this species is labelled and marketed sometimes as Satinwood. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Very similar to white oak, Shagbark hickory and Degame Blunting Effect Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Sharp tools are required Difficult Carving Interlocking grain Fairly difficult to carve Gluing Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising Growth rings fairly distinct Moulding Difficult to mould Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Difficult to nail Planing Easy to plane The material is fairly difficult to plane. Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Moderate working qualities Difficult to machine Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Characteristic are rated as fair Turning Turning properties are fair Polishing Satisfactory results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = 53-60 Shrinkage, Tangential = small Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12317 16980 psi Density 50 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1756 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6740 9599 psi Shearing Strength 2150 psi Stiffness 2016 2237 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 10 13 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.64 Weight 48 39 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 11 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 865 1193 kg/cm2 Density 801 kg/m3 Hardness 796 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 473 674 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 151 kg/cm2 Stiffness 141 157 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.70 0.91 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.64 Weight 769 624 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Almeida, D.G. de, Costa, J.R. da,1956,Madeiras do Brasil. (Timbers of Brazil.,Min. Ag. Servico de Economia Rural, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,pp56 Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Bodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia Brazil-Ministerio do Interior,1979,Pesquisas e Informac†ces sobre especies florestais da Amazonia,Dept. de Recuros Naturais Centro de Tecnologia Madeireira Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Constantine, Jr., A. J. 1959. Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers. Revised Edition. Revised by H.J. Hobbs. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Ducke, A.,1943,The Most Important Woods of the Amazon Valley,Tropical Woods,12(74,pp1-15 Edmondson, C.H.,1949,Reaction of Woods from S.America and Caribbean areas to Marine Borers in,Hawaiian Waters,Caribbean Foresters,10(1,PP37-41 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Kynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7 Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem Brasil Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416 Mainieri, C.,1970,Madeiras Brasilieras,Sao Paulo Secretaria da Agricultra, Institulo Florestral Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Wolcott, G.N.,1940,A List of the Woods arranged according to their resistance to the attack,of,the 'Polilla', the Dry-wood Termite of the West Indies, Cryptotermes,brevis Walker,Caribbean Forester,1(4,PP1-10 Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85 Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13