Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Eugenia formosa Trade Name Kelat Family Name Common Names Angkol, Bolsobak, Dangkhao, Doi, Kelat, Mao Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Fiji, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand Common Uses Beams, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building materials, Crossties, Domestic flooring, Factory flooring, Flooring, Foundation posts, Marine construction, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Poles, Posts, Rafters, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shipbuilding, Stakes, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Lowlands and mountains of the Malay Peninsula, extending into the western Pacific islands. Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Orange Red Pale red to pink Greenish to greyish Brown Sapwood Color Brown Yellow Color not distinct from heartwood Gray Grain Closed Figure Interlocked Wavy Wavy Interlocked The wood is described as figureless and rather plain in appearance. Texture Medium Fine Resinous and oily Moderately fine and even Luster High Medium Slightly lustrous Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin streaks Natural Durability Very durable Resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Durable Resistant to termites Moderately durable Resistance to attack by pinhole borers and termites is also rated as moderate Odor No specific smell or taste Drying Defects Checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Thick Stock Requires Care Slowly Moderately Difficult to Difficult Requires slow and careful seasoning to prevent degrade. Dries slowly Quartersawn dries with little degrade Weighting down of stacks and end-coating are recommended Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Product Sources Some species in the genus are reported to yield edible fruit, while others have an inner bark that produce tannin for curing leather and for toughening nets. Comments Variable weigt Blunting Effect High to severe Moderate Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Fairly difficult to very difficult Carving Fair to Good Results Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Saws cleanly with moderate blutning of cutting edges Cuts well Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Tends to split during nailing Pre-boring recommended Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Hard, heavy, and strong Yield clean and smooth, but lusterless surfaces Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant to impregnation Sapwood permeability ranges from treatable to moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to Work Responds well to hand tools Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Contains alkaloids giving it good acid resistance Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Very Good to Excellent Results Yields clean surfaces Turned surfaces tend to be rough Responds readily to most ordinary tools Polishing Fair to Good Results Good results Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9506 13818 psi Density 40 lbs/ft3 Hardness 897 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4900 7526 psi Shearing Strength 1352 psi Static Bending 6125 8389 psi Stiffness 1529 1784 1000 psi Toughness 114 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.61 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Volumetric Shrinkage 15 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 668 971 kg/cm2 Density 641 kg/m3 Hardness 406 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 344 529 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 95 kg/cm2 Static Bending 430 589 kg/cm2 Stiffness 107 125 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 131 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.61 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1