Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Corrosive Properties Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Plantation species? Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing		Scientific Name Agathis robusta Trade Name Kauri pine Family Name Araucariaceae Synonyms Agathis browneii Common Names Agathis, Almaciga, Bindang, Dakua makadre, Damar minyak, Dammara pine, Dundatha pine, Kauri, Kauri pine, Menghilan, Queensland kauri, Queensland kauri pine, South Queensland kauri, Tolong Plantation species? Yes Regions of Distribution Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Bobbins, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Core Stock, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments, Paneling , Paneling, Parquet flooring, Picker sticks, Plain veneer, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Shade rollers, Shuttles, Specialty items, Spindles, Spools, Sporting Goods, Stencil & chisel blocks, Sub-flooring, Sucker rods, Tables, Toys, Trimming, Turnery, Umbrella handles , Vats, Veneer, Wainscotting Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Found in Australia, in two disjunct areas: one in S Queensland between Tewantin and Maryborough (mainland) and on Fraser Island Heartwood Color Brown White Red Pink Yellow Orange Pale brown White to cream Pale red to pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pinkish white Light brown Sapwood Color Red Brown Yellow White Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Straight Even Figure Mottle Straight Mottled or streaked figure sometimes Texture Fine Even or uniform Fine Uniform Luster High Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Non durable Very little natural resistance Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Odor No specific smell or taste Corrosive Properties Non-corrosive Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Uk=J US=T10D5S/T8D4S Fr=4 T10 - D5s (4/4); T8 - D4s (8/4) US Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Collapse Internal Honeycombing Possible Distortion Collapse and honeycomb in heartwood is possible due to mineral stains and wetwood. Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Medium to High Shrinkage Slowly Easy Drying characteristics have been rated as good Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Rapid Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Naturally dries at a moderate speed Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Plantation-grown variety tends to grow straighter. Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Bark width is 25-30 mm Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good May include compression wood which can cause excessive longitudinal shrinkage and distortion Blunting Effect Little Moderate There is some significant blunting effect on cutting tools Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Easy Important to properly support the stock at the tool exit Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to carve Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Low resistance to sawing Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Moderate gluing properties Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Support material during mortising to prevent break out. Finishes well Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good moulding properties Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Stable Holds shape well Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Holds nails well Easy to nail Holds satisfactorily Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Planes well, to a good finish Good planing properties Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Sapwood has low permeability Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Easy Easy to machine Good recessing properties. Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Routing is easy Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to sand Screwing Fair to Good Results Screwing yields satisfactory results Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult to turn Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Moderate Good Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Little or no surface prep required Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results High polish Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Finish is generally good Stains well Staining (Characteristic) = non-staining Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7741 12807 psi Density 32 lbs/ft3 Hardness 727 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3227 5785 psi Shearing Strength 1642 psi Stiffness 1230 1500 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.37 Weight 31 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 544 900 kg/cm2 Density 512 kg/m3 Hardness 329 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 226 406 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 115 kg/cm2 Stiffness 86 105 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.37 Weight 496 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. Ltd Australia - Forestry and Timber Bureau,1957,Forest Trees of Australia,Australia Interior Department, Forestry and Timber Bureau Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods -Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Dadswell, H.E., Eckersley, A.M.,1935,The Identification of the Principal Commercial Australian Timbers other,than eucalyptus,Australian C.S.I.R.O. Bulletin NO.90 Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London Eddowes, P. J. 1961. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea:Their Properties and Uses. Office of Forests, Papua New Guinea Forest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSO Francis, W.D.,1951,Australian Rain-forest Trees,Commonwealth of Australia - Forestry and Timber Bureau Fundter, J.M.,1982,Names for Dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia,Pudoc, Wageningen, Netherlands Guyana - Forest Department,1951,British Guiana Timbers - Yellow Silverballi,British Guiana Forestry Department Leaflet No. 13 Hall, N., Et al,1972,The use of trees and shrubs in the dry country of Australia,Australian Government, Department of National Development, Forest and,Timber Bureau, Canberra Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition