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Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Substitutes Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Eucalyptus marginata Trade Name Jarrah Family Name Myrtaceae Common Names Jarrah Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia Common Uses Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Beams, Boat building (general), Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Crossties, Decks, Decorative veneer, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Door, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Musical instruments: piano, Naval architecture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Planks, Plywood, Poles, Raft floats, Rafters, Rafts, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shafts/Handles, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Veneer, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Found in coastal belt in the dry savannah in Southwestern Australia. Usually grows in gravely soil. Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Pink Orange Reddish brown Red Pale red to pink Dark brown Sapwood Color Red Brown Yellow Paler than heartwood Uniform pink to dark red, turning to rich brown with age Grain Interlocked Wavy Figure Straight Even Closed Mottle Stripe (figure) Weak (figure) Growth rings (figure) Interlocked Wavy Straight With distinct light and dark bands Weak figure Striped figure Mottled or streaked figure sometimes A fungus, Fistulina hepatica , can cause dark brown radial flecks on end-grain and boat-shaped flecks on flat sawn surfaces. The markings enhance the appearance of the timber. Texture Medium Fine Coarse Medium coarse Medium Even textured Coarse Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin streaks Gum/resin streaks Gum pockets or veins are a common defect Gum and mineral deposits Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Moderately durable Resistant to powder post beetles Durable Non-resistant to termites Very durable Non-durable Non-resistant to marine borers Perishable Very durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from marine borers Wood is fire-resistant Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Sapwood is resistant to powder post beetle attack Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Heartwood is moderately resistant to attack by termites and marine borers Odor No specific smell or taste Light-Induced Color Change Darker Toxicity Respiratory effects Kiln Schedules UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Uk = C T3-C2(4/4) US T3-C1-(8/4) US Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow Partial air drying with low temperatures and high humidity prior to kiln is recommended Drying Defects Checking Internal Honeycombing Possible Collapse Distortion Moderate twist/warp Slight surface checking Moderate surface checking Expect slight collapse and honeycombing Slight twist/warp Moderate collapse and honeycombing Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Slowly Radial and tangential shrinkage from 4-7% Partial air-seasoning before kiln-drying is recommended Dries well under good controlled conditions Green shrinkage = 12% Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 50-60 m Tree height is 60-70 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Product Sources The most widely harvested of the Eucalyptus timbers, Jarrah is available on the world market at moderate prices, but it is plenttiful within its native Australia at a low price. Substitutes Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) Comments Dense General finishing qualities are rated as good Hard and strong Heavy High resistance to wear Blunting Effect Moderate High to severe Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Fairly easy to very easy Use very sharp cutting edges to prevent grain from tearing Irregular grain causing difficulty Dense Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Material with interlocked grain can be difficult. Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Moderate gluing properties Easy to glue Satisfactory gluing properties Movement in Service Medium Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Pre-boring recommended Holds nails well Difficult to nail Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Very sharp cutting edges are required to produce a smooth surface Torn grain is common machining defect Planes to a satisfactory finish Ease of planing is moderate A reduced cutting edge of 15 degrees is required Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is permeable Heartwood resistance to preservative treatment is very high Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Difficult to machine Moderate working qualities Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Contains alkaloids giving it good acid resistance Sawdust may stain fabric wall finishes Screwing Pre-boring recommended Screwing yields good results Pre-Boring is recommended in screwing Turning Attractive grain when turned Veneering Qualities Easy to cut Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Moderately easy to veneer Peel and slice readily into high quality veneer Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Moderate Straight-Grained material has satisfactory steam bending characteristics and can be bent to a moderate radius of curvature Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Finish is generally good Finish is generally good Seldom stained due to its natural color; red color may bleed into some finishes Varnishing Good results Finished with varnish or wax Rarely stained Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = medium Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = large Density (dry weight) = 61< Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Toughness (total work) = very low Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9695 15531 psi Crushing Strength 1201 1715 psi Density 52 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1803 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5629 8930 psi Shearing Strength 2137 psi Static Bending 6311 9996 psi Stiffness 1529 1848 1000 psi Toughness 125 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.63 0.72 Weight 49 39 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 6 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 681 1091 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 84 120 kg/cm2 Density 833 kg/m3 Hardness 817 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 395 627 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 150 kg/cm2 Static Bending 443 702 kg/cm2 Stiffness 107 129 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 144 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.63 0.72 Weight 785 624 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 6 % References Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. Ltd Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa. Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75 Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Bolza, E., Kloot, N. H. 1963. The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers. Technological Paper No. 25. Division of Forest Products, Center for Scientific and Industrial Organization (CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25 Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6 Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277 Hillis, W.E. and A.G. Brown, Editors. 1984. Eucalyptus for Wood Production. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Academic Press, Australia. HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Jackson, A. and D. Day. 1991. Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood. Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio. Kaiser, J. 1994. Eucalyptus - The Gum from Down Under. Wood & Wood Products. January 1994, Page 48. Kline, M. 1985. Eucalyptus marginata - Jarrah. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 155. Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Lavers, G. M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California. NWFA. 1994. Wood Species Used in Wood Flooring. Technical Publication No. A200. National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO. Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 Stewart, A.M., Kloot, N.H.,1957,Mechanical Properties of Timbers,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.279 T.R.A.D.A.,1982,Timbers for river and sea constructions,TRADA Wood Information Section 0, Sheet 6 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8 U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72 Wallis, N.K. 1956. Australian Timber Handbook. Sponsored by The Timber Development Association of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Ltd., 89 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, Australia.