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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Eucalyptus maculata Trade Name Australian hickory Family Name Myrtaceae Common Names Australian hickory, Macula, Maculata, Maculata gum, Mottled bark gum, Spotted gum, Spotted iron gum Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia Common Uses Agricultural implements, Baseball bats, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Broom handles, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Charcoal, Cooperages, Decks, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction, Wheel spokes, Wheels Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Pink Orange Brown Greenish to greyish Pale brown Dark brown Pale red to pink White to cream Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Sapwood Color Red Brown Yellow White to yellow Paler than heartwood Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Wavy Straight Interlocked Closed Even Wavy Straight Interlocked Texture Fine Coarse Medium Coarse Medium to coarse Luster Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin streaks Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Durable Moderately durable Very durable Perishable Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to marine borers Non-durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Durable Very durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Non durable Toxicity Some toxic effects Dermatitic effects Kiln Schedules UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Drying Defects Collapse Internal Honeycombing Possible Checking Distortion Splitting Moderate surface checking Expect slight collapse and honeycombing Moderate twist/warp Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Severe surface checking Moderate collapse and honeycombing Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Requires special attention Rapidly Fairly Easy Thick Stock Requires Care Easy Difficult Kiln Drying Rate Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is greater than 70 m Tree height is 60-70 m Tree height is 50-60 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Moderate Little Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moderate gluing properties Easy to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Pre-boring recommended Difficult to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor to Very Poor Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Permeable Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is resistant Resistant Permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Responds Readily Moderate working qualities Very difficult to work with hand tools Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Poor to Very Poor Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Pre-boring recommended Difficult to screw Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult to turn Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers moderately easy Suitable for slicing Veneers easily Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Tends to Degrade Poor to Very Poor Results Good Moderate Painting Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Poor results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Finish is generally good Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 61< Density (dry weight) = 53-60 Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = Hard Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12510 19358 psi Density 55 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2185 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi Shearing Strength 2204 psi Stiffness 2083 2399 1000 psi Weight 54 45 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 879 1361 kg/cm2 Density 881 kg/m3 Hardness 991 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 154 kg/cm2 Stiffness 146 168 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 865 721 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. Ltd Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1988,Furniture Timbers of New South Wales,Forest Commission, N.S.W., Aust. Tech. Publication No.1 Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25 Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6 Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi. Queensland Department of Forestry,1987,Timber Species - Spotted Gum (Eucalyptus maculata, E. citriodora, E.,henryi,Queensland Deparment of Forestry, Timber Utilisation Branch, Timber,Species No. 14 Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36 South African Lumber Millers Assoc.,1969,Notes on some Commercially Available Hardwoods,S.A.L.M.A. Timber Info. Centre Timber Technical Guide,No.1 Stewart, A.M., Kloot, N.H.,1957,Mechanical Properties of Timbers,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.279 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]