Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Plantation species? Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Eucalyptus deglupta Trade Name Deglupta Family Name Myrtaceae Synonyms Eucalyptus naudiniana Common Names Amamanit, Amamarit, Aren, Bagaras, Bagras, Banikag, Deglupta, Didia, Dinglas, Galang, Galong, Kamarere, Komo, Koyo, Kumo, Leda, Leda merah, Leda putih, Ledan, Magoyangit, Merah, Minanao gum, Mindaho gum, Mindanao gum, Moluccas, Ongkolan, Tampai, Tombulilato, Tomela, Tomelo Plantation species? Yes Regions of Distribution Africa, Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Fiji [Polynesia], Fiji, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand Common Uses Beams, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Charcoal, Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Decks, Domestic flooring, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Lifeboats, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Porch columns, Posts, Precision instruments, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Turnery, Veneer Environmental Profile Generally secure within most of its natural habitat, but note exceptions. Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Its status in the wild is currently listed as unknown because of insufficient information in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia Distribution Overview Native to the Philippines and other western Pacific islands, including Australia and New Guinea. Favored as a plantation species throughout the world in lowland humid tropics. Heartwood Color Red Reddish brown Pale red to pink Pale brown Red Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Light red Light brown Dark brown Sapwood Color White to yellow Pinkish Color not distinct from heartwood Whitish Well defined Paler than heartwood Grain Interlocked Straight Rippled (figure) Figure Even Texture Medium Medium to coarse Coarse Medium Luster Lustrous Slightly lustrous Natural Growth Defects Brittleheart is often frequent and extensive Natural Durability Very durable Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to marine borer attack Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Vulnerable to attack by powder-post beetles Pinworm (ambrosia beetle) often present in the heartwood Perishable Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Heartwood susceptible to attack by decay fungi and insects. Durable Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Dry at a slow speed Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Moderate collapse and honeycombing Slight twist/warp Slight collapse and honeycomb Moderate surface checking Slight surface checking Moderate twist/warp Moderate end spitting Timber from plantation grown trees are reported to dry with little degrade, but forest-grown wood has a tendency to collapse and is prone to honeycomb during drying. Ease of Drying Moderate Difficult Plantation grown wood is easier to dry than forest-grown material. Backsawn material is also difficult to kiln dry. Kiln Drying Rate Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is not buttressed Product Sources Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Slight effect Blunting effect on sawing green wood is moderate Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Easy Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Good sawing properties Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Gluing Easy to glue Good properties Mortising Finishes well Finishes satisfactorily Moulding Satisfactory moulding results Movement in Service Small Medium Nailing Possible if prebored Holds nails well Good nailing properties Easy to nail Planing Planes to a satisfactory finish Easy to plane Ease of planing is moderate Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is highly resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Sanding Good sanding finish Very good characteristics Easy to sand Screwing Screwing yields good results Turning Poor results Veneering Qualities No steaming needed during bolt preparation. Difficult to glue Painting Good results Polishing Very good results Good results Staining Finish is generally good Stains well Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Max. crushing strength = low Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Hardness (side grain) = very soft Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Hardness (side grain) = soft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Bending strength (MOR) = very low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8826 13515 psi Crushing Strength 714 1328 psi Density 36 lbs/ft3 Hardness 823 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5167 7799 psi Shearing Strength 1492 psi Static Bending 6958 10094 psi Stiffness 1486 1745 1000 psi Toughness 159 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.51 Weight 35 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 620 950 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 50 93 kg/cm2 Density 576 kg/m3 Hardness 373 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 363 548 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 104 kg/cm2 Static Bending 489 709 kg/cm2 Stiffness 104 122 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 183 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.51 Weight 560 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Alston, A.S.,1966,Powder Post Beetle Lyctus Species,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.6 Alston, A.S.,1982,Timbers of Fiji: Properties and potential uses,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva Bolza, E., Kloot, N. H. 1966. The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers. Technological Paper No. 41. Division of Forest Products, Center for Scientific and Industrial Organization (CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1972,The Mechanical Properties of 56 Fijian Timbers,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.,62 Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11 Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series C.S.I.R.O., Division of Building Research,1977,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information service Sheet No. 10-11,Kamararee,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information service, Melbourne,,Australia Cameron, S.,1945,Some Notes on Utilisation of Timbers in the South-West Pacific,New Zealand Journal of Forestry Volume 5(2) 117-127 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74 EcoTimber International, San Francisco, California. Personal Communication, 1993. Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. 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Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Fiji Forestry Department,1970,The Properties and Potential Uses of the Exotic Species, No.3,Eucalyptus deglupta A Summary of CSIRO Investigations,Fiji Forestry Department, Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.43 Fiji Forestry Department,1981,The Properties and Uses of 43 Indigenous and Exotic Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.71 Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277 Gua, B.E.,1988,Observation on timber samples of eighteen research and plantation species,Forest Research Note, Solomon Islands Forestry Division Number 53 21/88 Gueneau, P.,1969,Caracteristiques et Utilisations de L'Eucalyptus Robusta a Madagascar,Bois et Forets des Tropiques No.124, 53-65 Haslett, A.N.; Young, G.D. and Britton, R.A.J.,1991,Plantation grown Tropical Timbers. 2. Properties, Processing and Uses,Journal of Tropical Forest Science 3(3):229-237 Hillis, W.E. and A.G. Brown, Editors. 1984. Eucalyptus for Wood Production. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Academic Press, Australia. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kloot, N.H. and E. Bolza. 1961. Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No. 12. Commonwealth scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Natawiria, D., Et al,1973,Percobaan Pencegahan Serangan Rayap Macrotermes Gilvis Hagen Pada Tanaman,kayu putih (Melalenca leucadendron) di Cikampek,Lamporan Lembaga Penelitian Hutan No.73 Papua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, Brisbane Papua New Guinea,1982,Papua New Guinea timbers - technical data,Forest Industries Council P.N.G. Phillips, F.H., Logan, A.F.,1976,Papua New Guinea hardwoods: Future source of raw materials for pulping and,papermaking,Appita 30(1) pp29-40 Poynton, R.J.,1957,Notes on Exotic Forest Trees in South Africa (Second Edition, Revised,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.38 Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Salleh, M.N. and W.C. Wong,1989,Utilization of Forest Plantation Trees.,Recent Developments in Tree,Plantations of Humid/Subhumid Tropics of Asia, 5-9 June 1989 Universiti,Pertanian Malaysia Proceedings of a Regional Symposium,Faculty of Forestry Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-Indonesia Tamolang, F.R. and Rocafort, J.E.,1987,Physico-Mechanical Properties and Possible Uses of Eleven Plantation-Grown,Timber Species in the Philippines,FPRDI-Journal 16:1-2,75-85 The Ecological Trading Company Limited (ETC, Newcastle upon Tyre, United Kingdom. Tsumoto, T., Karasawa, H.,1975,The Properties of Tropical Woods 21,Government of Japan Forest Experimental Station Bulletin,No.227 Van der Slooten, H.J., Llach Cordero, L.,1969,Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in,Costa Rica,Turrialba 19(2) 284-90 WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. Yoji Kikata (ed.,1991,The promotion of Lesser-known Species and Plantation-grown species,Proceedings of the International Forest Products Workshop, 14 to 15,October, 1991, Nagoya University, Japan