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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing		Scientific Name Erythroxylum mannii Trade Name Landa Family Name Erythroxylaceae Common Names Bimini, Dabe, Ditsumi, Landa, Lukienzo, Luzinzou, N'dabe, N'kanza, Ndabe, Nkanza, Pepesia Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zaire Common Uses Beams, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Paneling, Plywood, Poles, Porch columns, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rough construction, Rustic furniture, Stools, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Sierra Leone to Cameroon, and inland to the Congo, though fairly sparse. Occurs in both evergreen and deciduous forests, often present in small groups. Heartwood Color Brown Red Green/grey Pale red to pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Pale brown Sapwood Color Different than heartwood White to yellow Grey Copper sheen Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Figure Distinct (figure) Interlocked Straight Even Closed Wavy Mottled (figure) Stripe (figure) Distinct figure Interlocked Straight Wavy Striped figure Mottled figure The wood has numerous pith flecks, noticeable as dark lines 12 to 24 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) long. Texture Fine Even or uniform Fine Medium Fine to medium Even textured Luster Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Brittleheart is often frequent and extensive Natural Durability Moderately durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to decay Moderately resistant to attack by termites Moderately resistant to attack by marine borers Very high resistance to the adverse effects of the weather. Odor No specific smell or taste Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects No end splitting should be expected No surface checking Slight end splitting No twisting or warping Distortion (twist/warp) is likely Checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Easy Drying rate varies from slow to fairly rapid Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Slight effect Boring Bore holes are smooth on the surface Carving Good results Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Easy to glue Good properties Mortising Good mortising properties Easy to mortise Moulding Good moulding properties Easy to mould Movement in Service Not stable/prone to move Nailing Easy to nail Holds nails well Planing Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Yields a smooth, clean finish Routing & Recessing Good in both routing and recessing. Sanding Yields smooth, clean surfaces Good sanding finish Screwing Good screw holding properties Fairly good characteristics Turning Yields smooth, clean surface. Painting Good results Polishing Satisfactory results Very good results Staining Stains well Stains evenly Varnishing Good results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = small Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11967 16442 psi Density 41 lbs/ft3 Hardness 973 lbs Impact Strength 31 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 4834 7555 psi Shearing Strength 1699 psi Stiffness 1409 1712 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 12 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.43 0.54 Weight 40 32 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Volumetric Shrinkage 11 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 841 1156 kg/cm2 Density 657 kg/m3 Hardness 441 kg Impact Strength 78 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 339 531 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 119 kg/cm2 Stiffness 99 120 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.84 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.43 0.54 Weight 641 512 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % References Armstrong, F.H.,Mechanical and physical properties of Landa (Erythroxylum mannii,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough,, pp1-3 Bertin, A., Meniaud, J.,1949,Timbers of the Cameroons,Compagnie Francais du Cameroon,(Transl. by F.Jane) Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1950,Landa (Erythoxylum mannii,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.13,pp43-6 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France France - C.T.F.T.,1960,Resultats des Observations et des Essais Effectues au CTFT sur le Landa,C.T.F.T. Information technique,No.71 Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished data Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12 Lavers, G. M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Normand, D.,1937,Le Bois du Landa, Erythroxylum du Cameroun,Revue Bot. Appl. et Agricole,17196, pp883-9 Rendle, B.J., Pettifor,Note on Brittleheart in Landa (Erythroxylum mannii,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, TM 0/388 Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,1957,Landa (Erythroxylum mannii,Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,12(12,p37 Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23 Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra Leone Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Unwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. London