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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Endospermum malaccense Trade Name Baru bukit Family Name Euphorbiaceae Common Names Baru bukit, Bebaru, Bembulan, Bukit, Ekor belangkas, Gubas, Inchong perlis, Kadjoe radja, Kajoe semoet, Mahang puteh, Marabulan, Medang kelabu, Membulan, Sendok, Sendok-sendok, Sesendok, Sesundo, Terbulan Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Concrete formwork, Drawing boards, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Toys, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Endangered Abundant/Secure Heartwood Color Brown Red Purple Pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Greenish to greyish Pale brown White to cream Brown Sapwood Color Pink Brown Red Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Interlocked Wavy Weak (figure) Figure Spiral Crossed Closed Interlocked Wavy Weak figure Spiral Texture Medium Fine Coarse Coarse Medium to coarse Medium Fine Fine to medium Luster High Medium Lustrous Slightly lustrous Natural Growth Defects Brittleheart is often frequent and extensive Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to termites Non-resistant to termites Perishable Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Resistant to marine borers Non-durable Non durable Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Perishable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Pinworm (ambrosia beetle) often present in the heartwood Odor Has a taste Has an odor Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Distortion Splitting Checking Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Moderately Difficult to Difficult Variable Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Slowly Easy Difficult Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Naturally dries at a moderate speed Naturally dries quickly Slow Drying rate is slow Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Bole length is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 60-70 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 40-50 m Certified Source Certified Source Blunting Effect Moderate Little High to severe Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Fair to good results Easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to nail Holds nails well Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to plane Planes well, to a good finish Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting Excellent Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Finish is generally satisfactory Easy to turn Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Suitable for slicing Veneers moderately easy There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Easy to cut Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Unsuitable Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Painting Surface Preparation Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Varnishing Surface Preparation Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi Density 31 lbs/ft3 Hardness 319 lbs Impact Strength 15 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 882 psi Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi Weight 30 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2 Density 496 kg/m3 Hardness 144 kg Impact Strength 38 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2 Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 480 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, Sarawak Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Kumarasamy, K., Burgess, H.J.,1956,The nailing properties of 72 Malayan Timber Species,The Malayan Forester 19 pp219-26 Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry Board Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210 Menon, K.D.,1958,Susceptibility of Commercial Species of Malayan Timbers to Powder-post,Beetle,Attack,Malayan Forest Service Trade Leaflet,no.27 Menon, P.K.B.,1959,The wood anatomy of Malayan timbers: commercial timbers, 3. Light,hardwoods,Malaysian Forest Research Institute Kepong, Research Pamplet, No. 27. Smythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature Bureau Stadelman, R.C.,1966,Forests of South-East Asia,Wimmer Bros., Memphis Tennessee Thomas, A.V., Browne, F.G.,1950,Notes on Air-Seasoning of Timber in Malaya,Malayan Forester 13(4) pp214-23 Thomas, A.V., Pillai, P.K.B.,1954,Shrinkage of Malayan timbers,Malayan Forester 17(4) pp208-9 Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia Wyatt-Smith, J.,1979,Pocket Checklist of Timber Trees,Malayan Forest Records No.17 Yap, S.K., Razali, H.,1980,The reproductive behaviour of Sesendok (Endospermum malaccense,Malayan Forester 43(1) pp37-43