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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Substitutes Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Endiandra palmerstonii Trade Name Queensland walnut Family Name Lauraceae Synonyms Cryptocarya palmerstonii Common Names Australian black walnut, Australian endiandra, Australian laurel, Australian walnut, Black mahogany, Black walnut, Medang walnut, Oriental wood, Orientalwood, Queensland laurel, Queensland walnut, Queenwood, Walnut bean Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia Common Uses Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Construction, Door, Flooring, Furniture, Insulating boards, Interior construction, Joinery, Millwork, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Paneling , Paneling, Plywood, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Vulnerable Abundant/Secure Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Confined to Northern Queensland (Australia), chiefly in the coastal districts. Thrives in heavy rain fall areas and is one of the most common trees in Queensland Heartwood Color Brown Purple Red Black Dark brown Pale red to pink Pale brown Brown Greenish to greyish Black Pinkish brown Often streaked with pinkish, grayish green or black stripes on quartered surfaces Sapwood Color White Green/Grey Brown Red Yellow White to yellow Well defined Light brown Different than heartwood 3 to 4 inches (7.6 to 10 cm) in width. Grain Figure Wavy Stripe (figure) Interlocked Straight Distinct (figure) Other (figure) Closed Even Variable (figure) Rippled (figure) Irregular Mottle Wavy Striped figure Interlocked Straight Distinct figure Other figure Variable figure Rippled figure Occasionally wavy Mottled or streaked figure sometimes Irregular Checkered or broken stripe figure Texture Coarse Even or uniform Uniform Medium Medium Fine Fine to medium Even textured Luster Low Lustrous Slightly lustrous Natural Durability Moderately durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to termites Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Durable Perishable Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to pinhole borers Non-durable Non-resistant to termites Non durable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to pinhole borer Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Moderately durable Odor No characteristic taste May have a slightly disagreeable smell when green Silica Content Siliceous Moderate silica contact Silica levels of 0.19% to 1.08% Severe 0.05% silica content is considered as the threshold above which wood machining properties become affected. Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Drying Defects Internal Honeycombing Possible Collapse Distortion Moderate twist/warp Moderate end spitting Slight collapse and honeycomb No surface checking Moderate surface checking Severe surface checking Moderate collapse and honeycombing Slight twist/warp Moderate cupping There is some tendency for thinner material to distort during kiln drying. Thicker stock may split, and thinner stock may warp during air seasoning. End-coating and weighting down of stacks have been recommended to prevent degrade in air-drying. The timber responds well to re-conditioning treatment. Ease of Drying Variable Slowly Fairly Easy Medium to High Shrinkage Thinner stock is reported to kiln dry rapidly, with little or no degrade. Thicker stock tends to be more difficult to dry since they are liable to degrade Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Bole length is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 50-60 m Tree height is 60-70 m Bole length is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Product Sources Queensland walnut is rather scarce on the American market, and is usually priced in the costly range, when available. Certified Source Certified Source Substitutes Ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie) Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Moderate High to severe Blunting effect on machining is severe Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate High effect due to high silica content Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Specially-tipped cutters recommended Difficult to saw An increased tooth-pitch is recommended when using bandsaws. Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Glues well Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Medium Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory nailing properties Holds nails well Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Planes to a smooth surface Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is highly resistant Very difficult to treat Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Difficult to machine Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Easy to screw Good screw holding properties Fairly good characteristics Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Easy to turn Responds satisfactorily Veneering Qualities Easy to cut Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Moderately easy to veneer Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor Moderate Not recommended Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory results Good results Excellent results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Finish is generally satisfactory Stains very well Stains evenly Varnishing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium High in density Heavy High insulation properties which are 50 times greater than most woods Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi Density 42 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi Shearing Strength 2205 psi Stiffness 1435 1656 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.51 Weight 41 33 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2 Density 673 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2 Stiffness 100 116 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.51 Weight 657 528 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % References Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. Ltd Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Constantine Jr., H. 1975. Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers. Revised by H.J. Hobbs. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Francis, W.D.,1951,Australian Rain-forest Trees,Commonwealth of Australia - Forestry and Timber Bureau Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277 Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32 HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kingston, R.S.T., Risdon, C.J.E.,1961,Shrinkage and Density of Australian and other South-West Pacific Woods,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No.13 Kline, M. 1987. Endiandra palmerstoni - Queensland walnut. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 151-152. Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California. Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8 Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition Wallis, N.K. 1956. Australian Timber Handbook. Sponsored by The Timber Development Association of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Ltd., 89 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, Australia.