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Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Dyera costulata Trade Name Jelutong Family Name Apocynaceae Common Names Anjarutung, Djelutung, Gapuk, Hill jelutong, Jalutung, Jarenang, Jelutong, Jelutong burit, Jelutong paya, Jelutong-bukit, Jelutung, Jelutung bukit, Jelutung gunung, Labuai, Lebuai, Lebuia, Letung, Melabuai, Nyalutung, Nyulutung, Pantung, Pantung gunung, Pantung kapur, Pantung tembago, Pidoron, Pulut, Swamp jelutung Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia Common Uses Boxes and crates, Building materials, Carvings, Chemical derivatives, Core Stock, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Door, Drawing boards, Figured veneer, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Model airplanes, Moldings, Paneling, Particleboard, Pencil, Picture frames, Plain veneer, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Precision instruments, Pulp/Paper products, Structural plywood, Toys, Turnery, Utility plywood, Veneer, Wooden shoes, Woodwork Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo and intervening islands. The species occurs in primary evergreen lowland or hill forest, in well-drained locations up to 300 m Heartwood Color Brown Red Pink White to cream Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Initially almost white but turns to creamy white or pale straw upon exposure Sapwood Color Pink Color not distinct from heartwood Pale straw Creamy white Grain Straight Figure Weak (figure) Even Growth rings (figure) Interlocked Texture Fine Fine to medium Medium Even textured Latex tubes, or traces of them, are often found in clusters, 24 to 36 inches (60 to 90 cm) apart on tangential surfaces. They appear initially as large lens-shaped bodies, but become smaller in size after conversion. Luster Lustrous Slightly lustrous Pronounced Natural Growth Defects Latex or other ducts Gum/resin exudation Natural Durability Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Perishable Moderately durable Very little natural resistance Susceptible to marine borer attack Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Heartwood susceptible to attack by decay fungi and insects. Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Vulnerable to fungal attack after it is tapped for latex. Odor Has an odor No characteristic taste Distinictive sour odor Silica Content Siliceous Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Drying Defects Slight twist/warp Slight end splitting Slight surface checking Moderate end spitting Staining Slight collapse and honeycomb No resin/gum exudation Moderate surface checking Distortion (twist/warp) is likely Checking Ample air circulation is essential Ease of Drying Easy Dries at a fairly rapid rate Adequate air circulation is essential Kiln Drying Rate Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is straight Product Sources Jelutong has gained popularity in recent years as a choice wood for carving. It is readily available in thick sizes for that application on the North American market and can be purchased at a moderate price. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Jelutong has medium density, low bending and crushing strength, and very low stiffness. Latex from the tree is used for the manufacture of chewing gum. Latex Content - The wood is reported to contain latex. Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is slight Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is mild Boring Easy Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Low resistance Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Gluing Easy to glue Movement in Service Small Stable Nailing Easy to nail Holds nails well Planing Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Planes to a smooth surface Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is permeable Responds well to treatment Resistance to Splitting Excellent Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Routing yields good results Sanding Yields smooth, clean surfaces Screwing Easy to screw Fairly good characteristics Turning Good results Easy to turn Veneering Qualities Easy to cut Suitable for peeling No steaming needed during bolt preparation. Good gluing qualities Steam Bending Poor Painting Satisfactory results Good results Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Poor results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Finish is generally good Stains very well Varnishing Satisfactory Good results Very well Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = very small Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Work to Maximum Load = very low Shrinkage, Volumetric = very small Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shrinkage, Radial = small Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 5903 8550 psi Crushing Strength 265 377 psi Density 28 lbs/ft3 Hardness 357 lbs Impact Strength 17 14 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3009 4485 psi Shearing Strength 871 psi Static Bending 3224 4132 psi Stiffness 1154 1264 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 5 6 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.32 0.42 Weight 29 27 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Volumetric Shrinkage 6 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 415 601 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 18 26 kg/cm2 Density 448 kg/m3 Hardness 161 kg Impact Strength 43 35 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 211 315 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 61 kg/cm2 Static Bending 226 290 kg/cm2 Stiffness 81 88 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.35 0.42 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.32 0.42 Weight 464 432 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % References Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1968,Working Properties of some Native and Imported Timbers,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.8 Bond, C.W.,1950,Colonial Timbers,Sir Issac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London Browne, F.G.,1950,Protection of Timber Against Powder - Post Beetles During Seasoning,Malayan Forester 3(3) pp166-7 Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, Sarawak Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Brush, W.D.,1944,Foreign Woods - Okoume (Aucoumea klaineana,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Constantine Jr., H. 1975. Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers. Revised by H.J. Hobbs. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318. Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38 Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Foxworthy, F.W.,1927,Commercial Timber Trees of the Malayan Peninsula,Malayan Forest Records 3 France - C.T.F.T.,1962,Jelutong (Dyera costulata et Dyera lowii,C.T.F.T. Information Technique No.155 HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Jackson, W.F.,1957,The Durability of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,20,pp38-48 Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kingston, R.S.T., Risdon, C.J.E.,1961,Shrinkage and Density of Australian and other South-West Pacific Woods,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No.13 Kline, M. 1987. Dyera costulata - Jelutong. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 147-148. Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Kumarasamy, K., Burgess, H.J.,1956,The nailing properties of 72 Malayan Timber Species,The Malayan Forester 19 pp219-26 Lee, Y.H., Chu, Y.P.,1965,The Strength Properties of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester 28(4) pp307-19 Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry Board Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210 Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California. Martawijaya, A., Kadir, K., Kartasujana, I.,1986,Indonesian Wood Atlas. Vol.1.,Department of Forestry Agency for Forestry Research and Development.,Bogar-Indonesia Menon, P.K.B.,1959,The wood anatomy of Malayan timbers: commercial timbers, 3. Light,hardwoods,Malaysian Forest Research Institute Kepong, Research Pamplet, No. 27. Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Sarawak Forest Department,Trees and Timbers of Sarawak and Brunei,Forest Department, Sarawak Leaflet No.1 Smythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature Bureau South African Lumber Millers Assoc.,1969,Notes on some Commercially Available Hardwoods,S.A.L.M.A. Timber Info. Centre Timber Technical Guide,No.1 Stadelman, R.C.,1966,Forests of South-East Asia,Wimmer Bros., Memphis Tennessee Thomas, A.V., Browne, F.G.,1950,Notes on Air-Seasoning of Timber in Malaya,Malayan Forester 13(4) pp214-23 Thomas, A.V.,1950,Malayan Timbers: Jelutong (Dyera costulata, Nyatah (Palaquium Spp.,Malayan Forester 13(3) pp158-63 Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72