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Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Dracontomelon mangiferum Trade Name Ava Family Name Anacardiaceae Synonyms Dracontomelon puberulum Common Names Ava, Basuong, Batuan, Bau, Burroa, Chinyok, Cinkuang, Dahu, Damoni, Dao, Dau, Dau payo, Dau uding, Dorea, Ehoi, Habas, Jaap, Kaih, Kaih laki, Kamarag, Kasai bukit, Kasuang, Kawilu, Lakus, Lamis, Laup, Laup mon, Layo, Lup, Lupigi, Makau, Maliyan, New Guinea walnut, Ngabauk, Ngasobar, Noyer de la Nouvelle-Guinee, Onomba, Pacific walnut, Paldao, Papua New Guinea walnut, Papuanuss, Payakoson, Prachao, Prachao-har-pra-ong, Rao, Rau, Rau takau, Sakuan, Sengkowang, Sengkuang, Senkaung, Senkuang, Serai, Singkuwang, Talansep, Tawthitcha Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand Common Uses Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Moldings, Musical instruments, Paneling, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Toys, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wheels Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Red White Green/grey Purple Orange Brown Greenish to greyish Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Pale brown Sapwood Color Red Yellow White White to yellow Pinkish Well defined Same as heartwood Grain Interlocked Straight Figure Wavy Closed Even Growth rings (figure) Stripe (figure) Other (figure) Interlocked Straight Wavy Striped figure Clear growth rings (figure) Other figure Texture Coarse Medium Medium coarse to coarse Medium Coarse Fine to medium Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Non-durable Moderately durable Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to powder post beetles Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Non durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Durable Silica Content Slight Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Drying Defects Splitting Distortion Checking Moderate twist/warp Moderate surface checking Moderate spring/bow Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Rapid Naturally dries quickly Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 0-10 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 50-60 m Tree height is 10-20 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is moderate Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Moderate gluing properties Mortising Easy to mortise Moulding Easy to mould Movement in Service Stable Nailing Holds nails well Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Sanding Good sanding finish Screwing Screwing yields good results Turning Good results Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily No drying degrade Veneers moderately easy Good gluing qualities Easy to cut Polishing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Good results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Varnishing Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Shrinkage, Radial = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Bending strength (MOR) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8422 13143 psi Density 37 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 1560 psi Stiffness 1409 1627 1000 psi Weight 36 29 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 592 924 kg/cm2 Density 592 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2 Stiffness 99 114 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 576 464 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Anon,1963,Indian Woods: Their Identification, Properties and uses. Vol.II Linaceae,to Moringaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, India Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11 Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Budgen, B.,1981,Shrinkage and density of some Australian and South-East Asian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. building Res. Tech Paper(2nd Series) No.38 D.'Eispeissis, J.L.,1940,The chief characteristics and uses of 6 New Guinea timbers,Australian Forestry 5 pp81-4 Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74 Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Fors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La Habara Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Papua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, Brisbane Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-Indonesia