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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resin Content Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Agathis alba Trade Name Kauri Family Name Araucariaceae Common Names Adiangu, Almaciga, Almaciga daminara, Aninga, Aningat, Anteng, Badiangau, Bagtik, Bahos, Bendang, Bindang, Borneo kauri, Dadiangau, Dakua makadre, Damar, Damar minyak, Damur laut, Indian agathis, Kauri, Kauri pine, Ladiangau, Makan, Menghilan, Saleng, Sanum, Sarawak kauri, Titan, Tolong, Tsanum, Uli Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Balusters, Beehives, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: masts, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Construction, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Drawing boards, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Flooring, Furniture, Interior construction, Joinery, Lifeboats, Light construction, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Moldings, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Pencil, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Stairworks, Stringers, Sub-flooring, Toys, Truck bodies, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Most common in the mountain forests of Malaysia, at elevations of 1000 to 5000 feet (305 to 1525 m), it can also be found in Indochina and at high elevations on almost all the Philippine islands. Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow White Pink Orange Pale red to pink Pale brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Yellowish brown Pale cream Mostly indistinct in color from sapwood Golden brown with a reddish cast Dark brown Brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red Color not distinct from heartwood White to yellow Grain Straight Crossed Even Spiral Figure Growth rings (figure) Straight Spiral Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Fine Even or uniform Fine Uniform Luster Medium High Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin exudation Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Non-durable Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to marine borers Perishable Moderately durable Non-resistant to termites Non durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Very little natural resistance Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites Moderately durable Odor No specific smell or taste Resin Content Exudes copius amounts of resin when bark is cut Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow Drying Defects Splitting Slight end splitting Little or no degrade Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Little degrade Easy Little or no degrade Dries at a fairly rapid rate Kiln Drying Rate Very slow Drying rate is slow Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is not buttressed Tree Size Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 60-70 m Tree height is 50-60 m Tree height is 40-50 m Bole length is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Bole length is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm Trees growing in the Philippines are reported to produce trunks with a diameter of about 6.5 feet (2 m). Product Sources Several Afzelia species are routinely marketed together under the trade name Chanfuta, or under one of the other common names of this species. The material is available in wide boards, but lengths tend to be short. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect Moderate Medium effect Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Satisfactory results Moderately easy Easy Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly difficult to carve Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Good mortising properties Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to mould Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Holds nails well Easy to nail Satisfactory nailing properties Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Moderately easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Permeable sapwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very good in both routing and recessing Satisfactory routing results Moderately easy Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to sand Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Screwing yields good results Good screwing properties Good screw holding properties Easy to screw Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Easy to turn Good results Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Suitable for slicing Veneers moderately easy No drying degrade Easy to cut Variable veneering qualities Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling No steaming needed during bolt preparation. No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Good gluing qualities Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Little or no surface prep required Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good staining properties Finish is generally good Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Work to Maximum Load = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Hardness (side grain) = very soft Surfaces may dent or scratch easily Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6773 11296 psi Density 32 lbs/ft3 Hardness 470 lbs Impact Strength 16 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3054 5716 psi Shearing Strength 1416 psi Static Bending 5860 9526 psi Stiffness 1074 1286 1000 psi Toughness 71 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 5 7 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.37 Weight 35 29 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 476 794 kg/cm2 Density 512 kg/m3 Hardness 213 kg Impact Strength 40 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 214 401 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 99 kg/cm2 Static Bending 412 669 kg/cm2 Stiffness 75 90 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 81 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.35 0.49 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.37 Weight 560 464 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1968,Working Properties of some Native and Imported Timbers,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.8 Bolza, E. and N. H. Kloot. 1966. The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers. Technological Paper No. 41. Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia. Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11 Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Budgen, B.,1981,Shrinkage and density of some Australian and South-East Asian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. building Res. Tech Paper(2nd Series) No.38 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore. Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318. Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Forest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSO Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210 Martawijaya, A., Kadir, K., Kartasujana, I.,1986,Indonesian Wood Atlas. Vol.1.,Department of Forestry Agency for Forestry Research and Development.,Bogar-Indonesia Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7