Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Diospyros inclusa Trade Name East Indian ebony Family Name Ebenaceae Common Names Anang gulod, East Indian ebony, Ebony persimmon, Kamagong, Kaya arang, Kayu malam, Marblewood, Philippine ebony, Trayung Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines Common Uses Carvings, Drum sticks, Inlay work, Marquetry, Musical instruments , Organ pipes, Ornamental work , Piano keys, Pianos , Sounding boards, Turnery, Violin bows, Violin, Woodwork , Xylophones Environmental Profile Status unknown due to inadequate information Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Indo Malayan region. Heartwood Color Black Light colored sapwood Color varies considerably Black with light colored bands Color is variable. Can be black with light bands and pale zones, or with obvious contrast between whitish and black wood. Black heartwod more brittle than lighter sapwood Sapwood Color Yellow White White to yellow Variable color Reddish Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Brown Grain Even Figure Straight Irregular Irregular Generally straight, but not always Texture Fine Even or uniform Uniform Fine Even textured Natural Durability Very durable Durable Resistant to termites Moderately resistant to attack by termites Heartwood has high natural resistance to decay Wood from Sri Lanka and India is moderately resistant to attack by termites. Black heartwood has high natural resistance to decay Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules T3 - C2 (4/4); T3 - C1 (8/4) US Schedule C United Kingdom/T3 - C2 (4/4); T3 - C1 (8/4) US Schedule C United Kingdom Drying Defects Checking Black portions prone to checking during drying Standing Diospyros trees are often girdled and allowed to season before felling Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Difficult The timber is difficult to season, especially darker colored material Tree Size Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree size varies with species Blunting Effect High to severe Severe blunting effect on cutting surfaces Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Satisfactory sawing properties Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Pre-boring recommended Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Special attention required High density makes wood difficult to plane and work Difficult to plane Planing material containing irregular grain requires a reduced angle of 20 degrees. Diospyros timbers are generally very difficult to work with hand and machine tools in all woodworking operations because of their brittleness and high density. Wood tends to ride on cutters without adequate pressure. Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Routing & Recessing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Screwing Pre-boring recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Excellent results Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10949 16856 psi Crushing Strength 889 1798 psi Hardness 1691 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5116 8977 psi Shearing Strength 2439 psi Static Bending 6600 9255 psi Stiffness 1666 2160 1000 psi Toughness 268 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.59 0.63 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 769 1185 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 62 126 kg/cm2 Hardness 767 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 359 631 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 171 kg/cm2 Static Bending 464 650 kg/cm2 Stiffness 117 151 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 308 cm-kg References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-H.