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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Dicorynia guianensis Trade Name Basralocus Family Name Leguminosae Synonyms Dicorynia spruceana Common Names Angelica, Angelica do Para, Angelique, Angelique batard, Angelique blanc, Angelique franc, Angelique gris, Angelique rouge, Angélique blanc, Angélique bâtárd, Angélique gris, Angélique rouge, Bara karoeballi, Barakaroeballi, Barakaruballi, Basra locus, Basra loksi, Basralocus, Basralokus, Bastard locus, Bois angelique, Dobono-so, Kabakally, Kieereoe, Kiejere-oe, Kierou, Sienga pretoe, Siengdia apeto, Siengdia peto, Sienxa pretoe, Singapetou, Sinngapetou, Tamoene-kereoe zand locus, Tapaiuna, Teck de Guyane, Teck de la Guyane Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname Common Uses Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Beams, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Charcoal, Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Crossties, Decks, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Door, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Lifeboats, Light construction, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Naval architecture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Planks, Plywood, Plywood: veneer (marine), Poles, Porch columns, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Shipbuilding, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Abundant in eastern Surinam and western French Guiana where it may make up 10% of the forest stands.  Best growth on deep, loamy, well-drained soils of lowland plains but also found in wet areas. Heartwood Color Brown Red Purple Reddish brown Brown Purple Greenish to greyish Red Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Pale red to pink Pale brown Dark brown Sapwood Color Red Green/Grey Different than heartwood Clearly differentiated from the heartwood White to yellow Grain Straight Figure Interlocked Distinct (figure) Stripe (figure) Closed Even Rippled (figure) Wavy Weak (figure) Straight Interlocked Distinct figure Striped figure Weak figure Wavy Rippled figure Moderately to severely interlocked Vessels appear as prominent long brown lines on side grain, producing an attractive figure Texture Medium Coarse Medium Medium to coarse Coarse Luster Medium Low Lustrous Pronounced The wood has an unusual subsurface luster Natural Durability Very durable Durable Resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to attack from marine borers Very durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Durable Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles The heartwood is rated as resistant to very resistant to attack by decay fungi, resistant to marine borer attack, but somewhat susceptible to attack by dry-wood termites. Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Severe Moderate to severe Moderate to severe Likely to have significant impact on machining Contains significant silica (up to .25% of dry weight) Toxicity Unspecified toxicity Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Slow Drying (speed) is fast Drying (speed) is fast Moderate Dry at a moderate speed T2 - B2 (4/4) US/T2 - B2 (4/4) US Slow Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow Drying Defects Checking Collapse Distortion Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Slight twist/warp Moderate collapse and honeycombing Slight surface checking Slight spring/bow Severe end splitting Severe collapse and honeycomb No surface checking No end splitting Moderate twist/warp Slight cupping Severe cupping No twisting or warping No cupping, generally Expect moderate spring and bow degrade There is a tendency toward moderate checking and slight warping during drying Ease of Drying Slowly Thick Stock Requires Care Requires special attention Moderate Difficult Easy Dries at a fairly rapid rate Kiln Drying Rate Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 60-70 m Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Bole length is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 30-40 m Boles are well-formed and clear of branches to 60 to 80 feet (18 to 24 m). Product Sources The ITTO reports that the species is an important source of timber in some areas. The timber is exported in low quantities. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Moderate High to severe Blunting effect on machining is severe Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe Blunting effect on sawing green wood is severe Blunting effect can be severe depending upon silica content. Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult May require specially tipped cutters Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Gluing Easy to glue Moderate gluing properties Very good properties Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service Small Medium Stability is good Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Holds nails well Easy to nail Difficult to nail Satisfactory nailing properties Pre-boring recommended Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to plane Easy to use machine tools Machining characteristics are dependent upon density and silica content but the timber is rated as generally easy to work. Dry wood may require specially tipped cutters for best results Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is very resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Responds Poorly Variable qualities Easy to machine Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Screwing Difficult to screw Easy to screw Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Veneering Qualities There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Diifficult to veneer Painting Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Poor results Staining Finish is generally good Varnishing Good results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = large Density (dry weight) =53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = large Bending strength (MOR) = very high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Hardness (side grain) = hard Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11709 17838 psi Density 50 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1295 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6315 9459 psi Shearing Strength 1781 psi Stiffness 1952 2284 1000 psi Toughness 148 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 12 15 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.58 Weight 49 38 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 823 1254 kg/cm2 Density 801 kg/m3 Hardness 587 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 443 665 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 125 kg/cm2 Stiffness 137 160 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 170 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.84 1.05 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.58 Weight 785 608 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % References Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais Guyana Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Bodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1978,Angelique (Dicorynia guianensis,Bois et Forets des Tropiques No.178 pp17-18 Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Dickinson, F.E.,1949,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 1,Tropical Woods,13(95,pp1-140 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Findlay, W.P.K.,1938,The Natural Resistance to Decay of some Empire Timbers,Empire Forestry Journal,17,pp249 - 259 France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12 France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,France Horn, E.F.,1948,Teredo Resistant Timbers of the Amazon Valley,Tropical Woods,12(93,pp35-40 Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory Kukachka, B.F.,1958,Angelique (Dicorynia gwanensis,USA Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Foreign Wood Series No.1787 Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Lamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4 Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207 Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23 Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T. Surinam Forest Service,1952,Surinam Timber - A Summary with brief descriptions of the main timber,species of Surinam,Surinam Forest Service T.R.A.D.A.,1982,Timbers for river and sea constructions,TRADA Wood Information Section 0, Sheet 6 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72 Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed. Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190 Wangaard, F.F.,1951,The Physical Properties of Tropical Woods,F.A.O. For. & For. Prod. Studies Series No.3 Tropical Woods and Ag.,Residues as sources of pulp,pp10-16 Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85 Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13