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Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing		Scientific Name Dialium guianense Trade Name Jutahy Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Azedinha, Black tumbler, Cacho, Come negro, Comenegro, Cururu, Fria, Granadillo, Guach, Guapache, Guapaque, Hauso, Huitillo, Ipu, Ironwood, Itu, Jatai peba, Jatai-pelsa, Jataí peba, Jetahy preta, Jitai-preto, Jutahy, Jutahy da varzea, Jutahy mirim, Jutahy peba, Jutahy poca, Jutahy pororoca, Jutahy rana, Jutai poca, Jutai-peba, Kebede, Kerandji, Keranji, Khleng, Kosito, Kralanh, Meko, Monkey apple, Ohiorme, Pague, Paleta, Paleto, Palo de lacandon, Paque, Paqui, Parajuba, Pau ferro, Porococa, Pororoa, Pororoca, Pulley wood, Quebra-machado, Sierra Leone tamarind, Slim, Solom, Tamarindo, Tamarindo de Montaña, Tamarindo del monte, Tamarindo montero, Tamarindo prieto, Tamarindo sayvestle, Tumble tree, Velvet tamarind, Wapak, Whee-tee, Xoay Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Construction, Crossties, Domestic flooring, Door, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Foundation posts, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: woodworking tools, Heavy construction, Ladders, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Roofing, Sporting Goods, Stakes, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Truck bodies, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Wheel spokes Environmental Profile Questionable Extinct Endangered Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview From southern Mexico through Central America to the Peruvian Amazon and Bahia and Matto Grosso, Brazil, including Honduras, Guatemal, Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia and Venezuela. In parts of its range the tree is very common on well-drained clay soils or sandy soils. Heartwood Color Brown White Purple Red Reddish brown Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Turn reddish brown upon exposure Pale red to pink Sapwood Color Brown White White to yellow Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Paler than heartwood Grain Straight Interlocked Figure Even Other (figure) Stripe (figure) Weak (figure) Straight Interlocked Other figure Weak figure Striped figure Texture Coarse Even or uniform Uniform Medium Fine to medium Medium Fine Luster Lustrous Natural Durability Perishable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-durable Very durable Resistant to attack from marine borers Resistant to decay Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Moderately durable The material is highly resistant to attack by insects. Odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Silica content is 1%-2% Likely to have significant impact on machining Light-Induced Color Change Darker Toxicity Unspecified toxicity Dramatic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Distortion Checking Splitting Moderate surface checking Warping can be expected Slight twist/warp Severe twisting/warping No end splitting Moderate twist/warp There is a tendency to surface- and end-check, Ease of Drying Little degrade Moderate Dries slowly Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Boles that are often free of branxches for 50 feet (15 m). Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on sawing green wood is severe Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe Blunting effect on machining is severe Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Conversion requires specially tipped cutters. Gluing Easy to glue Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Holds nails well Easy to nail Difficult to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Silica levels are high Easy to plane Density is high Specially tipped cutters are required to saw and work in most woodworking applications, including planing. A common machining defect is torn grain. Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is resistant The timber is rather difficult to treat Response to Hand Tools Difficult to machine Moderate working qualities Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Screwing yields good results Easy to screw Difficult to screw Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to turn Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Varnishing Good results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = very high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Hardness (side grain) = very hard Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Density (dry weight) =53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (impact Strength) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shearing strength (paralell to grain) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 21006 27934 psi Density 60 lbs/ft3 Hardness 3500 lbs Impact Strength 74 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 10400 14469 psi Shearing Strength 1742 psi Stiffness 2475 2930 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.79 Weight 59 47 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1476 1964 kg/cm2 Density 961 kg/m3 Hardness 1587 kg Impact Strength 187 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 731 1017 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 122 kg/cm2 Stiffness 174 206 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.79 Weight 945 753 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Belize,1946,42 Secondary Hardwood Timbers of British Honduras,British Honduras Forest Department Bulletin,No.1 Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Brazier, J.D., Franklin, G.L.,1967,An Appraisal of the Wood Characteristics and Potential Uses of some,Nicaraguan Timbers,FAO for Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series CAOBA International, San Francisco, California. 1993. Personal Communication. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Falla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de Estudios Fisico-Mechanicos de Algunas Maderas de la Serrania,de San Lucas. (Some timbers of the San Lucas mountain range.,Plegable Divulgativo, Div. Forestal, Inderena Colombia,pp6 Falla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de los estudios Fisico-Mecanicos de 41 especies Maderables de,la,region Carare-Opon. (Results of studies of the physical and mechanical,properties of 41 timber species of the Carare-Opon region.,Inst. de Desarrollo de los Recursos Naturales Renovables. Div. For.,Pleagble Divulgativo, Inderena Colombia,pp6 Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Gotz, E.,1983,Timber trees of the Gambia,Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika and Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Forst-,und Holzwirtschaft Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas Pennington, T.D., Sarukhan, J.,1968,Manual para la Identificacion de campo de los Principales Arboles,Tropicales de Mexico,Inst. Nac. Inv. For. Mexico Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Record, S.J.,1927,Trees of Honduras,Tropical Woods,10, pp10-47 Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1971,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras: Jatai-Peba (Dialium,guianense,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo Brasil Serie: Estado do Espirito Santo RL/10,IPT/DIMAD/FC:10/1971 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Tropical Woods,1968,Madeiras Comercias Brasileiras,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo Brazil Publ.,857 Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo Colombia