Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Dendropanax arboreus Trade Name Angelica tree Family Name Araliaceae Common Names Angelica tree, Banco, Bois negresse, Galipee, Lengua de vaca, Mano de leon, Mano de oso, Mano do oso, Maria molle, Nagua blanca, Nagua blanco, Pa, Palo de burro, Palo de danta, Palo santo, Pama, Pama banco, Pollo, Quesito, Vaquero Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Bahamas, Bolivia, Colombia, Columbia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico [US], Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Common Uses Boxes and crates, Building materials, Ceiling, Furniture, General carpentry, Interior construction, Interior trim, Light construction, Millwork, Moldings, Packing cases, Paneling , Particleboard, Plywood, Stair rails, Stairworks, Trimming, Veneer Environmental Profile Widespread Rare in parts of its natural range (population is at risk) Source - The Nature Conservancy - Rank of relative endangerment based mainly on the number of occurrences of the species worldwide Distribution Overview Common and widespread in tropical America, West Indies, Mexico, and southward to Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Bolivia. Frequently used for shade in coffee plantations. Heartwood Color Brown Purple Red Pink White to cream Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color Yellow White White to yellow Same as heartwood Grain Even Straight Straight Texture Even or uniform Uniform Medium Coarse Medium Luster Slightly lustrous Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Durable The heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack The wood is very susceptible to attack by decay fungi and insects, and is also prone to blue stains Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Siliceous Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Splitting Distortion The wood air-dries rapidly with very little degrade in the form of checking and warping Ease of Drying Slowly Fairly Easy Medium to High Shrinkage Easy Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Cultivated as a shade trees on coffee plantations Blunting Effect High to severe Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Good (75+ pieces out of 100 will yield good to excellent results) Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Very good results Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gum-Up Easy to saw Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to mortise Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good response to moulding Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Satisfactory nailing properties Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planed surfaces are often fuzzy Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is permeable Sapwood is permeable Sapwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good in both routing and recessing. Sanding Easy to sand Screwing Good screw holding properties Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor results Veneering Qualities Easy to cut Polishing Fair to Good Results Staining Stains very well Strength Properties Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9843 12992 psi Density 32 lbs/ft3 Hardness 821 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 2139 3916 psi Stiffness 1245 1557 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.36 Weight 31 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 14 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 692 913 kg/cm2 Density 512 kg/m3 Hardness 372 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 150 275 kg/cm2 Stiffness 87 109 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.36 Weight 496 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Andy Poynter. 1993. Personal Communication Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4