Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Daniella thurifera Trade Name Ogea Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Copal, Daniellia, Ehyedua, Fara, Faro, Gum copal, Incenso, Nsou, Ogea, Oziya, Shedua Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone Common Uses Boxes and crates, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Furniture components, Joinery, Millwork, Paneling , Plywood, Veneer Environmental Profile Secure within its range Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Distribution Overview Africa, including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria and Gabon. It is also quite common in the rain forests of southern Nigeria. Heartwood Color Brown Red Purple Reddish brown Initially pink brown Golden brown with a reddish cast Sapwood Color Yellow White White to yellow Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Width is about 4 to 7 inches (10 to 18 cm) Grain Even Interlocked Straight Straight Moderately to severely interlocked Texture Medium Fine Red gummy deposits in parenchyma. Coarse Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites The heartwood has little or no resistance to attack by decay-causing fungi and other wood destroying organisms such as termites. The sapwood is susceptible to attack by the powder-post beetle, and logs require rapid extraction and conversion after felling to prevent sap stain Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules T10-D5S (4/4); T8-D4s (8/4) US Schedule J (4/4) United Kingdom/T10-D5s (4/4); T8-D4s (8/4) US Schedule J (4/4) United Kingdom Drying Defects Splitting Checking The wood may warp slightly, and thicker stock may collapse, although not severely Ease of Drying Slowly Fairly Easy Medium to High Shrinkage Requires special attention Dries at a fairly rapid rate Tree Size The trees are usually unbuttressed and produce boles that are well-formed, straight, and clear of branches to 50 to 100 feet (15 to 30 m) Product Sources The ITTO reports that timber is occasionally produced from the species and exported in low quantities. Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Blunting of saws Considerable break-out at bottom of cut occurs in both rip-sawing and cross-cutting Gluing Glues well Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Difficult to mould Crumbling and crushed fibers on end grain Movement in Service Stability is rated as medium Nailing Satisfactory nailing properties Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Interlocked grain produces distinct ribbon figure Affected largely by interlocked grain and the woolliness of the material being worked. Sharp cutting edges with reduced sharpness angle are required in planing for clean surfaces in quartersawn material Resistance to Impregnation The outer sapwood responds well to preservative treatment, but the inner sapwood and heartwood are difficult to impregnate with preservatives Response to Hand Tools Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Good screw holding properties Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering Qualities Selected logs are converted into decorative veneers for paneling and cabinets by slicing Steam Bending Very poor Wood is reported to buckle severely even at a large radius of curvature Polishing Satisfactory results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low The wood has medium density Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9986 psi Density 30 lbs/ft3 Hardness 696 lbs Impact Strength 22 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5376 psi Shearing Strength 1346 psi Stiffness 1310 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 10 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.36 0.46 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 702 kg/cm2 Density 480 kg/m3 Hardness 315 kg Impact Strength 55 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 377 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 94 kg/cm2 Stiffness 92 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.70 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.36 0.46 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. ITTO. 1986. Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa. Prepared for International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France. Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.