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Blunting Effect Boring Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Dacryodes buettneri Trade Name Adjouaba Family Name Burseraceae Common Names Adjouaba, Assa-mingoug, Assia, Essassia, Igaganga, Massikou, Mouguengueri, Mouzighou, Musiku, N'sikou, Nkala, Osighou, Osogho, Ossabel, Ossamvegna, Ozigo, Safoukala, Safunkala, Samveien, Tchibudimbu Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon Common Uses Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Tables, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Secure within its range Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Distribution Overview Probably in West Africa and mainly in rain forests. Heartwood Color Brown Purple Black Red Yellow Orange Greenish to greyish Pale red to pink Pale brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Gray buff Sapwood Color Yellow White Pink Red Same as heartwood Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Interlocked Distinct (figure) Figure Even Straight Closed Interlocked Distinct figure Straight Texture Medium Coarse Fine Even or uniform Medium to coarse Fine to medium Medium Coarse Luster Low Medium Lustrous Occaisonally lustrous Natural Growth Defects Gum ducts in timber Natural Durability Very durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to termites Non-resistant to powder post beetles Durable Moderately durable Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to marine borer attack Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites Resistant to attack from marine borers Perishable Moderately durable Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Likely to have significant impact on machining Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Checking Splitting Extension of Existing Shakes Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly End-Coating Difficult Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Naturally dries quickly Naturally dries at a moderate speed Slow Very slow Drying rate is slow Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Bark width is 5-10 mm Bark width is 0-5 mm Product Sources The ITTO reports that the species is a regular source of timber for exportation. Certified Source Certified Source Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect High to severe Moderate Blunting effect on machining is severe Blunting effect on cutting edges may be rather severe. Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Difficult to glue A good jointing timber. Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult to mortise Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Difficult to mould Poor moulding results Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Shape retention after manufacture is usually good Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Easy to nail Holds nails well Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Very Good to Excellent Results Difficult to plane Planes to a poor finish Easy to use machine tools A reduced cutting angle of 15 degrees is suggested to prevent pick-up in planing Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is resistant Resistant Heartwood is very resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor to Very Poor Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Screwing yields good results Good screw holding properties Easy to screw Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Suitable for slicing Veneers moderately easy There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling Moderately easy to veneer Difficult to glue Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Surface Preparation Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Surface Preparation Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Radial = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = very high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11139 18938 psi Density 41 lbs/ft3 Hardness 993 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4911 8383 psi Shearing Strength 1052 psi Stiffness 1536 2048 1000 psi Toughness 270 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.56 Weight 35 28 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 783 1331 kg/cm2 Density 657 kg/m3 Hardness 450 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 345 589 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 73 kg/cm2 Stiffness 107 143 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 311 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.56 Weight 560 448 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1947,Ozigo - Pachylobus bultneri,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.3,pp43-6 Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1955,Quels sont les problemes poses par le deroulage de l'Ozigo,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.44, pp56-7 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, Canada France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France France - C.T.F.T.,1961,Resultats des Observations et des essais effectues au CTFT sur Ozigo,C.T.F.T.,Information Technique, No.77 France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12 France - C.T.F.T.,1977,Promotion of African Timbers - New Species,CTFT,35 Leaflets Gutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102 Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished data I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting ITTO. 1986. Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France. Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEEC Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23 Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T. Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7