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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Dacrydium nidulum Trade Name Rimu Family Name Cupressaceae Synonyms Dacrydium nidulum Common Names Ekor kuda, Fijian dacrydium, Huon pine, Malor, Melor, Rimu, Ru bukit, Sempilor, Srol kraham, Yaka Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Cambodia, Fiji [Polynesia], Fiji, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam Common Uses Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: masts, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Paneling, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Likely in New Zealand, Australia, New Caledonia, the Malay Archipeloago, and Borneo. Heartwood Color Yellow Red Purple Pink Brown Reddish brown Pale red to pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Red Greenish to greyish The timber may contain sound or unsound knots Sapwood Color Yellow White White to yellow Same as heartwood Paler than heartwood Different than heartwood Color not distinct from heartwood Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Straight Closed Even Figure Wavy Mottle Straight Mottled or streaked figure sometimes May be wavy or curly Fine dark streaks impart an attractive figure to the wood. Texture Fine Medium Fine Even textured Luster Medium High Natural Durability Perishable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to decay The timber is resistant to decay and termites but logs are vulnerable to attack by pinhole borers. Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Toxicity Throat irriatation Nose irritation Kiln Schedules T13 - C4S(4/4); T11 - D3S(8/4) US/T13 - C4S(4/4); T11 - D3S(8/4) US Drying Defects Splitting Checking Distortion Slight surface checking Slight collapse and honeycomb There is a slight tendency for surface checking. Deformations caused by drying can be removed by a short steaming treatment. A high humidity treatment may be necessary after drying to relieve stresses. Ease of Drying Reconditioning Treatement Fairly Easy Easy Radial and tangential shrinkage from 4-7% Moderate Kiln dries well 2 inch (50 mm) thick stock air-seasons well under cover. Shrinkage of Dacrydium spp.(Green to 12% MC) Volumetric - 6.2% Comments Moderately strong tough and hard Blunting Effect High to severe Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Fair to good results Fairly difficult to very difficult Well defined Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Gluing Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Yields clean surfaces but requires some care Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good finishing results Moulding requires care, but clean surfaces can be achieved Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Stable Shape retention after manufacture is usually good Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Holds satisfactorily Tends to split during nailing Pre-Boring is necessary Easy to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Heartwood is resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Resistance to Splitting Satisfactory Poor Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good in both routing and recessing. Sanding Fair sanding qualities Screwing Pre-boring recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Tendency to split on screwing Possible if prebored Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Good results Easy to turn Veneering Qualities Easy to cut Suitable for slicing No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Good results Easy Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangenital =moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8626 13605 psi Crushing Strength 696 1215 psi Density 35 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1196 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4558 7709 psi Shearing Strength 1860 psi Static Bending 4900 8085 psi Stiffness 1416 1637 1000 psi Toughness 88 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.47 0.52 Weight 34 29 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 606 956 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 48 85 kg/cm2 Density 560 kg/m3 Hardness 542 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 320 542 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 130 kg/cm2 Static Bending 344 568 kg/cm2 Stiffness 99 115 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 101 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.47 0.52 Weight 544 464 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Alston, A.S.,1966,Natural Heartwood Durability,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No. 2 Alston, A.S.,1982,Timbers of Fiji: Properties and potential uses,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1955,Baboen (Virola sp.,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.39,pp25-8 Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1972,The Mechanical Properties of 56 Fijian Timbers,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.,62 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea. Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Fiji Department of Forestry,1969,A Summary of the Properties of 34 Indigenous Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.38 Fiji Department of Forestry,1972,Guide to the use of local timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.55 Fiji Forestry Department,1969,Timbers for Flooring A Note on Current & Potential Species,Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.36, Department of Forestry, Suva, Fiji Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1956. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 4. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. London