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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities		Scientific Name Cynometra polyandra Trade Name Bam-kung Family Name Leguminosae Synonyms Cynometra inaequifolia, Cynometra malaccensis, Maniltoa polyandra Common Names Bam-kung, Belangkan, Bonsuthai-buphang, Chherasu, Dieng-rai-heh, Dieng-soh pyda, Dila dila, Dila-dila, Katong, Katong-katong, Kekatong, Korhai-ha, Mangkha, Nanop, Ping, Rang-koroi-ching, Thing-changleing-theing Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, China, India, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Charcoal, Door, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Oars, Plywood, Poles, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Heartwood Color Grey Dark brown Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Pale red to pink Black Sapwood Color Paler than heartwood Grain Interlocked Straight Figure Even Closed Mottle Distinct (figure) Wavy Stripe (figure) Interlocked Straight Mottled or streaked figure sometimes Distinct figure Wavy Striped figure Occasionally wavy Texture Medium Coarse Fine to medium Medium Medium to coarse Fine Luster Medium Dull Lustrous Natural Durability Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Moderately durable Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to marine borer attack Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Durable Silica Content Siliceous Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Severe end splitting Severe surface checking Severe twisting/warping Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Difficult Variable results. Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is misshapen Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect High to severe Boring Fairly easy to very easy Difficult Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Difficult to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Heartwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is very resistant Heartwood is permeable Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Responds Readily Easy to Work Difficult to machine Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turns with moderate ease Finish is generally satisfactory Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Suitable for slicing Easy to cut Suitable for peeling Polishing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Toghness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu.ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Bending strength (MOR) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Max. crushing strength = very high Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Hardness (side grain) = very hard Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12800 19794 psi Density 54 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2495 lbs Impact Strength 51 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 7247 10350 psi Shearing Strength 2525 psi Stiffness 2213 2552 1000 psi Weight 53 46 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 899 1391 kg/cm2 Density 865 kg/m3 Hardness 1131 kg Impact Strength 129 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 509 727 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 177 kg/cm2 Stiffness 155 179 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 849 737 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993 Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry Board Menon, P.K.B.,1959,The wood anatomy of Malayan timbers: commercial timbers, 3. Light,hardwoods,Malaysian Forest Research Institute Kepong, Research Pamplet, No. 27. Oey Djoen Seng,1964,Specific gravity of Indonesian woods and its significance for practical,use,Communication No.1. Lembaga Penelitian Hasil Hutan, Bogor, Indonesia Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3 Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24 Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Whitmore, T.C. (Ed.,1972,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 1,Forest Department Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Malaysia