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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Substitutes Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning		Scientific Name Cordia goeldiana Trade Name Freijo Family Name Boraginaceae Common Names Amazon teak, Brateco, Brazilian teak, Brazilian walnut, Cordia, Cordia wood, Frei jorge, Frei jorje, Frei-jorge, Freijjo vermelho, Freijo, Jennie wood, Jenny wood, Jenuie wood, South American walnut, Tahuampa Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil Common Uses Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casing, Chairs, Chests, Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, General carpentry, Heavy construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Millwork, Moldings, Naval architecture, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Rustic furniture, Structural plywood, Sub-flooring, Tables , Trimming, Turnery, Utility furniture, Utility plywood, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting, Wardrobes Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Tropical South America. Brasil (AC/AM/PA/RO/RR), as well as Guyana, and French Guyana. Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Purple Orange Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Greenish to greyish Pale brown Dark brown Golden brown Contains dark streaks Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red Same as heartwood Paler than heartwood Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Straight Figure Stripe (figure) Distinct (figure) Interlocked Even Other (figure) Rays (figure) Straight Striped figure Distinct figure Interlocked Other figure Rays figure Generally straight, but not always Texture Fine Medium Coarse Medium to coarse Fine to medium Medium coarse and uniform Luster Lustrous Pronounced Dull Natural Durability Durable Very durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to marine borers Resistant to termites Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Very durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Moderately resistant to marine borer attack Vulnerable to attack by powder-post beetles Resistant to white-rot and brown-rot fungi Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from marine borers Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Non durable Good weathering properties Odor Spicy scent No distinctive taste Kiln Schedules UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Drying (speed) is fast Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Checking Slight end splitting Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Slight spring/bow No twisting or warping No surface checking No end splitting No cupping, generally Moderate twist/warp Moderate end spitting Distortion (twist/warp) is likely Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Slowly Easy Kiln dries well Air-dries rather well Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Sapwood width is 10-15 cm Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm The size of the trees are reported to vary according to their location and corresponding prevailing conditions Product Sources The International Tropical Timbers Organization (ITTO) reports that timber production and export are regular. The timber is imported from Brazil into Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, England, and Bahrain. Supplies of Freijo are adequate but only small volumes reach the United States and European market. It is priced higher for a timber of its quality, because of its limited availability. Freijo is very similar in strength properties to Teak, and is occasionally used as a substitute for Teak in building ships. Substitutes Substitute for Teak in building ships Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Generally strong and durable Blunting Effect Little High to severe Slight Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is mild Medium effect Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Fairly easy to very easy Requires a strong hold to prevent end-grain breaking away Moderately easy Carving Sharp cutting edges required Generally good results Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Easy to saw Gluing Easy to glue Requires a filler Glues well Mortising Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Support material during mortising to prevent break out. Finishes well Moulding Good finishing results Requires very sharp cutting edges Movement in Service Stable Small Medium Nailing Thin-guage nails recommended Tends to split during nailing Satisfactory nailing properties Pre-boring recommended Holds nails well Easy to nail Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planes well, to a good finish Sharp cutting edges recommended Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Sharp cutting edges prevent tearing Good response Sanding Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Screwing Relatively easy to screw Pre-boring recommended Good screw holding properties Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Difficult to turn Very poor turning properties Steam Bending Moderate Good Generally poor Polishing Satisfactory results Requires a filler Good results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Requires filler Finish is generally good Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Resists denting and marring Heavy Hardness (side grain) = hard Density = high Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9487 14242 psi Crushing Strength 473 862 psi Density 36 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1006 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4939 7796 psi Shearing Strength 1501 psi Stiffness 1435 1772 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 13 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.44 0.55 Weight 39 35 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 667 1001 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 33 60 kg/cm2 Density 576 kg/m3 Hardness 456 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 347 548 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 105 kg/cm2 Stiffness 100 124 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.91 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.44 0.55 Weight 624 560 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45 Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Brazier, J.D.,1975,Properties and uses of Brazilian woods,Journal of the Institute of Wood Science,7(2,pp50-57 Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Clifford, N.,1952,Tropical Hardwoods for Building,Builder,110(5689, pp338-9 Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London Ducke, A.,1943,The Most Important Woods of the Amazon Valley,Tropical Woods,12(74,pp1-15 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1943,Foreign Woods,- 2 Notes on Freijo (Cordia goeldiana) and Quaruba,(Vochysia,spp.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Leaflet,No. 29 Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods. 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. ITTO. 1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market. ITTO Technical Series 1. Compiled by D.E. Teixeira, M.A.E. Santana, and M. Rabelo de Souza, Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Forest Products Laboratory, Brazil. Kline, M. 1985. Cordia goeldiana - Freijo. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 120-121. Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Lavers, G.M. 1967. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Ministry of Technology, Forest Products Research, Bulletin No. 50. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. (Air-dry values only). Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Company, Inc., Fresno, California. Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416 Mainieri, C.,1971,25 Madeiras da Amazonia de Valor Comercial, Caracterizacas macroscopia,,usos comuns e indices qualificativos,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Publ., No.798 Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Pennington, T.D.,1947,Note on Cordia wood from Eastern Brazil,Tropical Woods,12(89,pp48-52 Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition Wangaard, F.F., et al,1954,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 4,Tropical Woods,14(99, pp1-187 WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. Wolcott, G.N.,1940,A List of the Woods arranged according to their resistance to the attack,of,the 'Polilla', the Dry-wood Termite of the West Indies, Cryptotermes,brevis Walker,Caribbean Forester,1(4,PP1-10 Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85 Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series